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961.
Zachary McCormick 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(6):953-961
ABSTRACT: Water marketing has been proposed as one means of reallocating water supplies in the western United States. While markets for western water currently exist and may be expected to expand, the institutional constraints within which the markets must operate will limit the ultimate size and efficiency of those markets. Lack of articulation of public interests in the water resource itself leads to incomplete definition of the private rights to use the water, and it is those private rights which are sold or leased in the market. The increase in size and efficiency of any market in water rights will be dependent on the willingness of legislatures to specifically define the nature and extent of public interests in water supplies, and detailed definition is unlikely. 相似文献
962.
本文分析了衡阳地区地表水资源特征和地下水资源类型与特征,并根据工农业生产的发展,需水与供水间的矛盾及旱涝灾害等情况,对水资源的开发利用途径进行了探讨。 相似文献
963.
During the period of 1972 through 1993, Environmental Concern Inc. (EC) and its recent (1989) affiliate Environmental Construction
Company (ECC) have completed 216 marsh construction projects to control upland bank erosion in tributaries of the Maryland
portion of Chesapeake Bay. Of these projects, 26 have involved marsh construction on unaltered existing shores and 190 have
utilized marsh construction on shores that have been restored to former increased elevations through shoreline filling and
grading. This paper describes the latter restoration technique. Throughout the 21-year period of applying the technique for
long-term upland bank erosion control, refinements to the design standards and criteria for site suitability have been made
so as to optimize its successful application. As a result of this experience, a reliable bioengineering restoration technique
has evolved to control upland bank erosion. This paper describes the details of this successful technique through a review
of: (1) its objectives and benefits, (2) suitability of sites for its application, (3) the design of its shore restoration,
(4) its construction, (5) its maintenance, and (6) comparison of its cost with those of structural techniques for bank erosion
control. Although the technique has only been applied in the Maryland portions of Chesapeake Bay, its applicability should,
with modifications, be broadly applicable to all water bodies. 相似文献
964.
水力旋流器是近10年来用于油田采出水处理系统的新型设备,它具有体积小、重量轻、分离性能好、运行安全可靠等优点,在世界各地的海上和陆地油田得到了广泛的使用。本文对具有代表性的Vortoil水力旋流器的基本结构、工作原理、影响分离性能的诸因素、应用和优点等进行了介绍。 相似文献
965.
966.
通过理论分析和大量实验工作,找出了现行国家标准的悬浮物测定方法在测定高含盐污水时的不足之处,并且提出了准确的测定方法。新方法不仅能很好地反映水样的实际状况,而且可以推广应用于各种复杂水样的悬浮物的测定。 相似文献
967.
968.
江苏省近40年洪涝灾害概况及防洪对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文分析了江苏省40a来洪涝灾害概况及1991年特大洪涝受灾情况。针对江苏实际,提出了减灾对策。 相似文献
969.
R. C. Kattelmann N. H. Berg M. K. Pack 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1985,21(2):273-280
A simple simulation model designed to monitor snow-packs of the central Sierra Nevada is described. The model estimates average snow water equivalent for rectangular subregions in the area. Static subregion characteristics, daily precipitation and mean and minimum air temperatures measured at three index stations are the only needed input values. A water balance technique simulates daily snowpack changes in each subregion. Reasonable basinwide water equivalent values are produced. The procedure should be useful for estimating snow water distribution in large mountainous watersheds. 相似文献
970.
Martha W. Gilliland Lee Becker Ralph Cady Joe Gabig James Gilley Richard A. Kern Arley Larson Quang M. Nguyen William Powers Raymond Supalla 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1985,21(2):281-290
Substantial conflict exists over water management and allocation in the Platte River Basin of Nebraska. An interdisciplinary computer simulation model, representing the water quantity, water quality, environmental, and economic dimensions of the conflict, was developed in order to analyze the tradeoffs among allocation scenarios. Most importantly, decisionmakers and interest groups were involved in model development. Simulation results for a base case and two scenarios are presented. One scenario favors protection of instream flow for wildlife; the other favors water diversions for agriculture. Impacts of the instream flow scenario, as measured by the amount of land irrigated, groundwater levels, the amount of wildlife habitat for cranes and catfish, and net agricultural benefits did not differ greatly from those of the base case. However, impacts of the diversion scenario were substantial. On the negative side, instream flows and wildlife habitat declined an average of 39 percent; while, on the positive side, groundwater levels and net agricultural benefits each increased 6 percent. The modeling process was successful insofar as it promoted an understanding among the highly diverse interest groups of the systems nature of the Basin. One agreement on a water diversion schedule among three of the parties has been reached, partly as a result of this process. More comprehensive compromises have not yet been forged. Our experience, however, indicates that modeling success at the policymaking level depends more on the extent to which the policymakers understand the model than it does on model sophistication. 相似文献