泡沫塑料黄原酸酯的制备及其对含铜废水的处理研究

采用聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备得到了黄原酸酯.将其用于含铜废水的处理.实验结果表明泡沫黄原酸酯的用量、处理体系的pH、搅拌时间和沉降时间是影响铜离子去除效果的重要因素.经过聚氨酯泡沫黄原酸酯处理的含铜废水能够达到排放标准的要求.     

浮选尾矿水中微量丁基黄原酸钠的测定

丁基黄原酸钠在ｐＨ值为６时，可以在镍离子定量的生成淡黄色的黄原酸镍，用四氯化碳萃取，萃取液在４９０ｎｍ波长比色。此方法当取样量为１００ｍＬ比色皿厚度为３０ｍｍ时，检出限量可达０．００５ｍｇ。     

Degradation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by an isolated high-efficiency bacterium strain

An aerobic bacterium strain, F-3-4, capable of effectively degrading 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol(2,6-DTBP), was isolated and screened out from an acrylic fiber wastewater and the biofilm in the wastewater treatment facilities. This strain was identified as Alcaligenes sp. through morphological, physiological and biochemical examinations. After cultivation, the strain was enhanced by 26.3% in its degradation capacity for 2,6-DTBP. Results indicated that the strain was able to utilize 2,6-DTBP, lysine, lactamine, citrate, n-utenedioic acid and malic acid as the sole carbon and energy source, alkalinize acetamide, asparagine, L-histidine, acetate, citrate and propionate,but failed to utilize glucose, D-fructose, D-seminose, D-xylose, sedne and phenylalanine as the sole carbon and energy source. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be: temperature 37℃, pH 7.0, inoculum size 0.1% and shaker rotary speed 250 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation kinetics of 2,6-DTBP with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L was studied. Results indicated that 62.4% of 2,6-DTBP was removed after 11 d. The degradation kinetics could be expressed by Eckenfelder equation with a half life of 9.38 d. In addition, the initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP played an important role on the degradation ability of the strain. The maximum initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP was determined to be 200 mg/L. Above this level, the strain was overloaded and exhibited significant inhibition.     

高分子重金属絮凝剂SSXA对Cu2+的捕集性能研究

以淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物、NaOH、CS2为原料,在一定条件下合成了一种新型高分子重金属絮凝剂--淀粉基黄原酸酯-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物.研究了该絮凝剂的除Cu2 、去浊机理,并对硫酸铝浓度、初始Cu2 浓度、pH值、浊度等影响其除铜及去浊效能的因素作了考察.实验结果表明:(1)该絮凝剂对Cu2 有很好的捕集功能,但需要与硫酸铝复配以提高其沉降性能,适合复配使用.Al3 与初始Cu2 的体积摩尔浓度比值为0.3较为适宜,此时Cu2 去除率大于98%;(2)pH值对复配体系的除Cu2 、去浊效果影响不大;(3)Cu2 和致浊物质共存时,会互相促进彼此的去除.对初始Cu2 浓度为25 mg·L-1、浊度为5～300NTU的水样,处理后出水Cu2 浓度小于0.5mg·L-1、浊度小于3NTU.     

Chelation of heavy metals by potassium butyl dithiophosphate

Potassium butyl dithiophosphate (PBD) was developed and introduced as a new chelating agent for heavy metal removal. The synthesized PBD were characterized by IR and NMR. The e ects of pH, chelating agent dosage, and other heavy metal ions on the performance of PBD in Cd2+ removal from water are investigated. Experimental results showed that the chelating agent could be used to treat acidic heavy metal wastewater. The Cd2+ removal was not a ected by solution pH value within the range of 2 to 6. The Cd2+ removal rate could reach over 99%. Therefore, the deficiency of the precipitation process using hydroxide under alkaline condition can be overcome.Without the need for pH adjustment, the method could save on costs. If Cd2+ co-exists with Pb2+ and Cu2+, the a nity of the chelating agent with these three heavy metal ions was in the order of: Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. Through PBD chelating precipitation, all the contents of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ in wastewater met the standard levels through a one-step treatment. The one-step treatment process was superior to the process (sectional treatment is required) of precipitation with hydroxide. When the pH was between 3 and 11, the amount of leached chelated Cd2+ was much lower than that obtained by precipitation with hydroxide. Therefore, the risk of environmental pollution could be further reduced.     

PFOS潜在替代品全氟丁基磺酸钾的环境行为

全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS)已被列入POPs名单,各国及国际组织相继出台法规和禁令对其生产和使用进行限制,并加紧了替代品的开发和评价。选取全氟丁基磺酸钾(PFBSK)作为潜在的替代品,采用OECD标准试验方法进行实际测试,并结合US EPA EPI Suite 4.0软件的计算预测,研究了PFBSK的基本理化性质(熔沸点、蒸汽压、水溶解性)和环境归趋性(水解性、光解性、生物降解性和蓄积性),并与PFOS及其盐的相关数据进行系统的比较。结果表明,PFBSK和全氟辛基磺酸钾(PFOSK)具有一定的相似性,都具有高熔沸点、低蒸汽压和明显的持久性。但二者在水溶性和蓄积性方面具有明显差异。20 ℃,PFBSK的水溶解度为49.3 g·L^-1,极易溶于水;而PFOSK的水溶解度仅为519 mg·L^-1。PFBSK的蓄积因子(BCF)为3.16,不具蓄积性;而PFOSK的BCF为6 531,并且在食物链中存在明显的生物放大效应。     

邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯对小鼠学习和记忆能力的影响

研究邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)暴露对小鼠脑组织的氧化损伤和对小鼠学习与记忆能力的影响.24只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,分别暴露于0,50,250,1250mg/kg的BBP,经口灌胃染毒14d.染毒期间同时进行Morris水迷宫实验,以检测小鼠的学习与记忆能力的改变.实验进行第15d,处死实验动物,取出脑、肝、肾组织,检测ROS水平及MDA和GSH含量.实验结果显示,1250mg/kg浓度BBP染毒组小鼠的学习和记忆能力与对照组相比显著下降(P<0.05);随着BBP染毒浓度的升高,小鼠脑、肝、肾组织中的ROS水平、MDA含量逐渐上升,GSH含量逐渐降低;且在1250mg/kg浓度时与对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05).BBP的暴露可以影响小鼠学习与记忆能力,并对其脑、肝、肾组织产生氧化损伤.     

淀粉基黄原酸盐合成新工艺及其在废水处理中的应用

研究了淀粉基黄原酸盐的合成新工艺,通过正交试验选定了最佳工艺条件。用该产品进行了电镀废水处理试验,去除重金属效果良好。     

铜试剂亚铜分光光度法测定水中丁基黄原酸

在盐酸羟胺还原体系中萃取，用铜试剂将丁基黄原酸亚铜转化成铜试剂亚铜，进而分光测定丁基黄原酸的新方法，大大提高了比色法的灵敏度，其浓度在０￣８０μｇ／Ｌ符合比耳定律，相对误差小于１．５％，平均回收率达９２％￣１０５％，适用于水中丁基黄原酸的测定。     

用稻草和含碱废液制取黄原酸酯并处理含铜废水

以稻草和金属铬生产中产生的氢氧化铬反应废液为主要原料制备黄原酸酯,并用来处理模拟的含铜废水和湘潭电缆厂实际的含铜废水。试验考察了废水的ｐＨ值、铜的初始浓度及酯的用量对铜脱除率的影响。含铜20mg/L。的废水经处理后,Cu²⁺浓度可降至0.05mg/L。以下。