自适应模糊方法在烟气脱硝喷氨量控制系统中的应用

SCR烟气脱硝系统中喷氨量是一个重要的控制参数,它不仅影响了脱硝效率,过量时,还会产生二次污染,危及下游设备。电厂运行中,锅炉负荷不断变动,传统PID很难实现喷氨量的最佳控制。应用自适应模糊控制策略对喷氨量进行了控制,并对控制系统进行了仿真试验。结果表明:相对于传统的PID控制器,尿素溶液流量自适应模糊控制器的性能更佳,系统的动态响应较快且超调极小,即满足了工艺要求又降低了能耗。     

垃圾衍生燃料气化后的无机底渣制备透水砖试验研究

通过对垃圾气化后的无机底渣在制备透水砖中不同掺量和集灰比的试验研究,依据JC/T945—2005《透水砖》中的要求,对其孔隙率,保水性,透水系数和抗压强度4项指标进行测定,探索了不同底渣掺量和集灰比下透水砖性能的简单变化规律,并综合优选出最佳配合比为A-2,即水灰比为2.8,集灰比为3.0,气化底渣掺量为20%。     

Removal of phosphate from wastewater using alkaline residue

Alkaline residue(AR) was found to be an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. The kinetic and equilibrium of phosphate removal were investigated to evaluate the performance of modified alkaline residue. After treatment by NaOH(AR-NaOH), removal performance was significantly improved, while removal performance was almost completely lost after treatment by HCl(AR-HCl). The kinetics of the removal process by all adsorbents was well characterized by the pseudo second-order model. The Langmuir model exhibited the best correlation for AR-HCl, while AR was effectively described by Freundlich model. Both models were well fitted to AR-NaOH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir equation were in following manner: AR-NaOH AR AR-HCl. Phosphate removal by alkaline residue was pH dependent process. Mechanisms for phosphate removal mainly involved adsorption and precipitation, varied with equilibrium pH of solution. For AR-HCl, the acid equilibrium pH( 6.0) was unfavorable for the formation of Ca-P precipitate, with adsorption as the key mechanism for phosphate removal. In contrast, for AR and ARNaOH, precipitation was the dominant mechanism for phosphate removal, due to the incrase on pH( 8.0) after phosphate removal. The results of both XRD and SEM analysis confirmed CaHPO4·2H2O formation after phosphate removal by AR and AR-NaOH.     

科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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油风化对吸油毡吸附量影响的研究

选取天然羽毛压缩物和复合聚酯纤维两种吸油毡,取4种油(2种原油和2种燃料油)进行短期风化,测量2种吸油毡对不同风化程度油的吸附量。分析结果发现,随着油风化程度的增强,天然羽毛对其中3种油的吸附量稍有增加,而对其中较轻原油的吸附量减小明显;复合聚酯纤维吸油毡对4种油的吸附量都增加,且增加幅度大于天然羽毛。原因是天然羽毛孔隙大材质厚,主要靠孔隙吸油,而聚酯纤维孔隙小且薄,表面粘附油的比重较大。对高密度油而言,风化程度越大,吸油毡越难靠孔隙对其渗透吸收,而表面粘附油占总吸附量的比重增加。可见,在应对不同风化程度油时,选取吸油毡须有针对性,才能最大限度地清除油污。     

彝族农户引入生物质炉CDM减排量估算与效益分析

以四川省凉山彝族自治州高效低排生物质炉推广项目为例,利用联合国清洁发展机制(CDM)项目方法学AMS.II.G估算了该项目的温室气体(GHG)减排量,并对其效益进行分析。凉山州农户安装使用了37 992台高效低排生物质炉。项目基准线调查结果表明,基准线情景下农户薪柴年使用量Bold值为5.6 t,主要用于炊事与取暖;非可再生生物质比例fNRB,y值为86%。37 992台生物质炉的年减排量为165 966 t CO2e,每年的减排收益为952.6万元。一定程度上改善了彝族农户生活质量,减少室内空气污染物排放;每年可节约157 494 t薪柴,占凉山州各类林地年薪柴供应量的3.3%,有利于森林资源的保护。     

技术引进中常见的专利问题及对策

我国引进专利技术的总体态势 近年来,随着我国对外开放和国际交流合作的不断深化,我国的技术引进日益增多。 注：（1）总合同数指国外技术引进合同的总数,下同;（2）专利合同指《中国科技统计年鉴》中国外技术引进合同项目下“专利技术的许可或转让（包括专利申请权的转让）（以下简称“专利交易”）的部分,下同;