Denitrifying phosphorus removal in a step-feed CAST with alternating anoxic-oxic operational strategy

A bench-scale cyclic activated sludge technology (CAST) was operated to study the biological phosphorus removal performance and a series of batch tests was carried out to demonstrate the accumulation of denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs) in CAST system. Under all operating conditions, step-feed CAST with enough carbon sources in influent had the highest nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency as well as good sludge settling performance. The average removal rate of COD, NH₄⁺-N, PO₄³⁻ -P and total nitrogen (TN) was 88.2%, 98.7%, 97.5% and 92.1%, respectively. The average sludge volume index (SVI) was 133 mL/g. The optimum anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) conditions for the cultivation of DNPAOs could be achieved by alternating anoxic/oxic operational strategy, thus a significant denitrifying phosphorus removal occurred in step-feed CAST. The denitrification of NOx− -N completed quickly due to step-feed operation and enough carbon sources, which could enhance phosphorus release and further phosphorus uptake capability of the system. Batch tests also proved that polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the step-feed process had strong denitrifying phosphorus removal capacity. Both nitrate and nitrite could be used as electron acceptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal. Low COD supply with step-feed operation strategy would favor DNPAOs accumulation.     

一体化工艺中反硝化聚磷菌比例测定研究

反硝化聚磷菌可以在缺氧条件下利用硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮作为电子受体完成吸磷过程,确定反硝化聚磷菌比例对于强化反硝化除磷作用具有重要意义。从一体化活性污泥工艺中取污泥混合液,加入蔗糖合200mg/LCOD后进行厌氧搅拌,2h后将厌氧污泥分成三等份,其中两份分别加入10mg/LNO3--N、10mg/LNO2--N后缺氧搅拌2h,另一份用充氧仪曝气2h。根据厌氧、缺氧/好氧交替过程中不同电子受体下的除磷量,可以简便的确定反硝化聚磷菌在全部聚磷菌中的比例,结果表明该一体化工艺中反硝化聚磷菌在全部聚磷菌中的比例达到98.92%。     

异养硝化/好氧反硝化菌生物强化含海水污水的SBR短程硝化系统初探

研究了异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌应用于短程硝化系统的可行性.采用生物强化技术将4株高效异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌投入耐盐短程硝化污泥中,考察了其对含海水污水的SBR短程硝化系统的强化效果,并比较了强化系统与原系统的差异性.结果表明,强化系统的NO2--N最大积累量比原系统降低34.92%,而且到达NO2--N最大积累量的时间比原系统提前2h.强化系统的TN和COD在硝化段中后期持续降低,硝化结束时其TN和COD去除率比原系统高出15.24%和5.39%,NH4+-N去除率和亚硝化率比原系统高出6.85%和14.47%.强化系统的pH比原系统高0.46,而ORP低25.84mV.强化系统的性能提升是由强化菌的异养硝化作用和好氧反硝化作用引起的.当受到70%海水盐度冲击时,强化系统的稳定性高于原系统,强化菌的加入有效地抑制了系统从短程硝化向全程硝化转变的趋势.在强化系统与原系统运行的各阶段,强化菌种的数量发生了变化,且随着系统排泥强化菌大量流失.本研究为异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌应用于短程脱氮系统的可行性提供了理论参考.     

污泥龄对A/A/O工艺反硝化除磷的影响

以实际生活污水培养驯化污泥的小试规模A/A/O工艺为研究对象,进行了污泥龄（SRT）为8、10、12和15 d时对反硝化除磷的影响研究.结果表明,随着污泥龄的延长,反硝化除磷对系统除磷所起的作用越大,反硝化聚磷菌缺氧利用单位PHAs的反硝化数量和吸磷量也迅速增加,聚磷菌好氧利用单位PHAs的吸磷量并没有受到影响,以SRT为12 d时反硝化除磷和系统脱氮除磷效果为最好.结果还表明,去除单位氮所需COD数量随污泥龄的延长呈减少趋势,而去除单位磷所需COD数量呈增大趋势.对于我国典型的城市污水而言,SRT为12 d和15 d时去除单位氮和磷所需的外碳源数量较8 d时要低,从而使反硝化除磷作用可真正地达到节省碳源和能源的目的.     

低C/N条件下MUCT工艺的反硝化除磷特性

以C/N较低的污水为处理对象,重点研究和分析了MUCT工艺缺氧区的反硝化除磷特性.结果表明,①缺氧区1因为COD浓度相对较高,回流污泥中的硝酸盐氮优先被传统反硝化菌利用,不能作为DPB的电子受体,所以主要发生释磷反应;②缺氧区2内DPB利用厌氧段贮存大量PHB为碳源,以硝酸盐氮为电子受体进行吸磷,且吸磷量逐日提高,从最初的0 .93 mg/Ｌ增加至18 mg/Ｌ,缺氧吸磷率最终稳定在40%左右;③缺氧区3内,由于硝酸盐氮和COD浓度过低,进行无效释磷反应过程,释磷量在0 .27～3 mg/Ｌ之间;④系统对COD、TN、TP的去除率较高,出水TN和TP浓度分别在10 mg/Ｌ和0 .9 mg/Ｌ以下.     

Performances of biological aerated filter employing hollow fiber membrane segments of surface-improved poly （sulfone） as biofilm carriers

Using the surface of poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segments as grafted layer, the hydrophilic acrylamide chain was grafted on by UV-photoinduced grafting polymerization. The gained improvement of surface wettability for the modified membrane was tested by measuring the contact-angle as well as FTIR spectra. Then correlation between the hydrophilic ability of support material and the biofilm adherence ability was demonstrated by comparing the pollutant removal rates from urban wastewater via two identical lab-scale up-flow biological aerated filters, one employed the surface wettability modified poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segment as biofilm carder and the other employed unmodified membrane segment as biofilm carder. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of influent flux 5 L/h, hydraulic retention time 9 h and gas to liquid ratio （G/L） 10： 1, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonium nitrogen （NH4^＋-N） for the modified packing filter and the unmodified packing filter was averaged at 83.64% and 96.25%, respectively, with the former filter being 5%-20% more than the latter. The effluent concentration of COD, NH4^＋-N and turbidity for the modified packing filter was 25.25 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 8 NTU, respectively. Moreover, the ammonium nitrogen removal performance of the filter packing the modified PSF was compared with the other bioreactor packing of an efficient floating medium. The biomass test indicated that the modified membrane matrixes provided better specific adhesion （3310-5653 mg TSS/L support）, which gave a mean of 1000 mg TSS/L more than the unmodified membrane did. In addition, the phenomenon of simultaneous denitrification on the inner surface of the support and nitrification on the outer surface was found in this work.     

HITNP同步除磷脱氮新工艺

HITNP同步除磷脱氮新工艺采用复合式活性污泥生物膜系统,避免了硝化菌和聚磷菌的污泥龄矛盾.利用反硝化除磷的“一碳两用”缓解原水碳源不足的矛盾.通过独特的硝化液回流方式,使全部污泥经历了释磷和聚磷循环,厌氧池污泥浓度是缺氧池污泥浓度的1.5～2倍,对进水中的大分子有机物降解效果好,厌氧池COD的去除率高,强化系统的除磷能力.以低碳氮比的生活污水为处理对象,长期的运行结果表明,该工艺出水中的总磷、氨氮、总氮和COD的去除率分别为91.1% 、88.7%、58.1%和88.6%.出水水质平均值为磷0.27 　mg/L,氨氮1.74 　mg/L,总氮17.30 　mg/L和COD 24.38 　mg/L.HITNP同步除磷脱氮新工艺具有稳定的同步除磷脱氮效果,出水达到国家城市污水厂污染物排放标准GB18918-2002一级B标准要求.     

利用可生物降解聚合物为碳源和生物膜载体脱氮及其动力学特性研究

以闭合循环养殖系统去除硝酸盐为目的,研究了以一种非水溶性可生物降解多聚物材料(BDPs)PBS颗粒作为反硝化碳源和生物膜载体的填料床反应器对于废水中硝酸盐的去除效果及动力学特征.结果表明,在温度为(29±1)℃,进水NO 3--N浓度为25～334 mg/L的条件下,进水NO 3--N负荷0.107～1.098 kg/(m3.d)为最适进水负荷.当进水负荷为1.098 kg/(m3.d)时,可达到最大NO 3--N体积去除负荷0.577 kg/(m3.d).进一步增加进水NO 3--N负荷则NO 3--N体积去除负荷开始下降.动力学研究结果表明,以PBS作为碳源和生物膜载体的反硝化速率遵循一级反应动力学.用Eckenfelder模型拟合,并求出常数n值和K值,建立的动力学模型采用该参数可以预测出水NO 3--N浓度.对模型的预测值与实际值采用统计软件SPSS16.0做方差分析表明,p0.05,分别为p=0.5530.05和p=0.6320.05,模型预测值与实际值无显著性差异.     

废水生物脱氮机制研究进展

废水脱氮越来越受人们重视,而生物脱氮以它独特的优势受到人们的青睐。通过从生物脱氮的微生物,微观机制,宏观环境三个方面论述,重点论述了短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、异养硝化好氧反硝化的脱氮机制,为以后的生物脱氮研究提供较为完整的资料。     

印染废水反渗透膜处理及回用技术

介绍了印染废水反渗透膜处理回用的原理、运作流程,并对膜处理产水进行了水质分析,评估其用于工厂生产的可行性。实践结果证明,印染废水经反渗透膜处理后含盐量和电导率大大降低,回用水的各项指标均达印染生产用水要求,可满足中高档印染产品的生产需要。