Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

Critical velocity in phosphorus exchange processes across the sediment-water interface

Sediments are ultimate sinks of nutrients in lakes that record the pollution history evolutionary processes, and anthropogenic activities of a lake. However, sediments are considered as inner sources of environmental factor changes such as the variation in hydrodynamic conditions because of the nutrients they release. How does this process happen？ This study investigates a typical nutrient phosphorus （P） exchange among sediment, suspended particle matter （SPM）, and water. Compared with numerical and experimental studies, this study confirms that the critical velocity that occurs at a lower flow rate state exists in the range of 7 to 15 crn/sec. Critical velocity below the critical flow rate promotes the migration of particulate phosphorus （PP） to the SPM. On the other hand, critical velocity above the critical flow rate promotes the release of PP in water.     

植穴控制体对盐渍土生态重建的可持续性评价

基于盐渍土生态重建过程影响因子的复杂性,采用综合指标评价方法,选取4类母指标和相应的13项子指标对植穴控制体生态重建技术进行可持续评价。4类母指标分别为土壤养分与结构改良程度、生产力持续水平、组分间关系协调性和生态、社会效益,对应的13项子指标分别为:土壤水分、土壤含盐量、土壤养分含量、土壤容重和水质;土地利用效果、土地生产力水平与稳定度、绿地结构与环境功能;生态重建年限、生物群落变化和生态景观效果;小气候效益和游憩的功能效益。经权重分析认为,植穴控制体生态重建技术评价分值为0.772,评价等级为Ⅳ级,表明植穴控制体模式的盐渍土生态重建技术具有较好的稳定性和可持续的功能效应。     

无锡市大气中类二噁英多氯联苯污染水平

为了了解无锡市大气中类二噁英多氯联苯(Dioxin-like PCBs,DL-PCBs)水平,利用大流量空气采样器在无锡市分别采集了6个气相和6个颗粒相大气样品,气相色谱-质谱(GC-NCI-MS)测定样品中12种类二噁英多氯联苯。结果显示,大气样品中∑_(12)DL-PCBs的总浓度(气相+颗粒相)为1157～2 747 fg/m³,平均浓度为1759 fg/m3,平均浓度为1759 fg/m³。其中,气相的浓度为11 124～2 721 fg/m3。其中,气相的浓度为11 124～2 721 fg/m³,平均值为1 701fg/m3,平均值为1 701fg/m³;颗粒相的浓度为26～143 fg/m3;颗粒相的浓度为26～143 fg/m³,平均值为58fg/m3,平均值为58fg/m³。气相中∑_(12)DL-PCB含量占总量的97%,而颗粒相仅占3%。DL-PCBs的总毒性当量(气相+颗粒相)为2.16～4.47fg TEQ/m3。气相中∑_(12)DL-PCB含量占总量的97%,而颗粒相仅占3%。DL-PCBs的总毒性当量(气相+颗粒相)为2.16～4.47fg TEQ/m³,平均值为3.53fg TEQ/m3,平均值为3.53fg TEQ/m³。DL-PCBs单体中PCB-118的浓度最高,平均占总浓度的54%,其次是PCB-105和PCB-77,PCB+81在所有样品中均未检出。在所有DL-PCBs中,毒性当量浓度的主要贡献者为PCB-126,其平均贡献率为95%,其次为PCB-169,平均贡献率为3%。     

活性炭固定耐冷菌对废水中硝基苯的降解

文章研究了颗粒活性炭固定鲍曼不动杆菌对硝基苯的降解情况。考查了活性炭对硝基苯的吸附等温线,符合Freulndlich经验公式,同时探究了其最佳投加量为5 mg/mL。较单纯微生物降解来说,在温度为15℃,pH为7,摇床转速140 r/min的条件下,生物活性炭降解浓度为200 mg/L的硝基苯所用时间大大缩短,而400 mg/L的硝基苯不能直接被菌株降解,固定化后84 h可基本完全降解,并且由于微生物作用活性炭得到再生。     

AO一体化改良工艺在北方城镇中小型污水处理厂的应用优势

北方城镇中小型污水处理厂进水的水质、水温变化较大,冬季水温在12℃以下,低温对氨氮去除效果有明显影响。根据几种传统生物法污水处理工艺的比较表明,CASS工艺比较适合城镇中小型污水处理厂。为研究出比CASS工艺更适合北方中小城镇污水处理厂的工艺方法,以宁安市污水处理厂为研究对象加入悬浮填料技术并对传统AO工艺进行改造．在污染物去除率、占地面积、工程造价生产成本方面与CASS工艺进行比较。其中,COD和NH3-N污染物去除率分18℃和40℃水温两个周期进行检测对比。以上比较结果为北方城镇中小型污水厂的工艺选择及优化运行提供技术支持及理论依据。     

小秦岭地体新太古代构造-岩石单位及地史演化

小秦岭地体新太古代构造-岩石单位由老到新划分为观音堂岩组、焕池峪岩组、杨寨峪灰岩色片麻岩组、斜长角闪岩组和四范沟片麻状花岗岩组。杨寨峪灰色片麻岩组、观音堂岩组和焕池峪岩组呈侵入-构造接触关系,斜长角闪岩组和四范沟片麻状花岗岩组依次侵入于先成岩组中。     

江西西华山钨矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿流体来源

本文对江西西华山钨矿床的石英流体包裹体进行了岩相学和显微测温分析,研究了石英流体包裹体的气、液相组分及碳、氢、氧同位素特征。结果表明,石英中流体包裹体十分发育,包裹体类型有NaCl-H2O(盐水)包裹体(Ⅰ)和CO2-H2O包裹体(Ⅱ),且以前者为主。包裹体均一温度在200℃～280℃,平均249.5℃;盐度为7.89%～13.95%,平均10.73%;成矿流体密度为0.628g/cm3～0.895g/cm3,平均0.795g/cm3,属低盐度低密度范畴;压力平均值为64.01MPa,对应的成矿深度平均值为6.45km。成矿热液气相成分以H2O为主,CO2含量低;液相成分阴阳离子浓度都很低,相对富钠和氯,流体离子类型大致呈Na+-K+-Cl--SO42-型。成矿流体基本来自岩浆水,部分可能有变质水的加入;流体中碳主要由岩浆水提供,少数由地幔源提供。     

浅析苯酚对硝化颗粒污泥活性的影响

好氧颗粒污泥是一种较为特殊的生物颗粒聚集体.它是由活性污泥微生物在外界选择压下通过自行固定方式形成较为紧凑的生理结构.好氧颗粒污泥在污水处理工艺中有着很多的应用,特别对在石油化工等行业应用较为广泛的苯酚的降解有着较好的处理效果.本论文研究了苯酚对于硝化颗粒污泥活性方面的影响,简述阐明了苯酚对硝化颗粒污泥可能产生的影响.     

宏基因组技术在土壤污染微生物修复中的应用

微生物修复在土壤污染治理中具有重要地位。虽然环境中可以培养的微生物比例很低,但微生物的基因资源十分丰富,运用宏基因组技术可以克服传统修复技术中微生物资源利用不充分的问题,为未培养微生物的研究提供了有力手段。本文对宏基因组技术一般流程作了介绍,并结合土壤污染的特点,对该技术应用在土壤污染微生物修复的现状、研究及展望作了阐述。