低温等离子体联合光催化技术降解甲苯的实验研究

采用低温等离子体联合光催化技术降解甲苯,从电压、电源频率、甲苯气体流量、初始浓度和Mn2+掺杂量等方面考察其对甲苯降解率的影响,并对比γ-Al2O3、TiO2/γ-Al2O3和Mn1.0/TiO2/γ-Al2O3(Mn2+摩尔分数为1.0%)3种填料的甲苯降解能量利用效果.结果表明,在相同电压和频率条件下,3种填料的甲...     

利用废旧锌锰电池制备光催化剂净化甲苯

针对废旧锌锰电池回收利用难,以及光催化剂 TiO2活性低的问题,以废旧锌锰电池和商业二氧化钛为原料,通过球磨法制备了新型复合光催化剂.在紫外光灯照射下,进行了废旧锌锰电池复合改性TiO2对甲苯的光催化氧化实验,并重点探究空速、光照强度、相对湿度和氧气体积分数等关键实验条件对甲苯净化效率的影响.结果表明,改性后的催化剂对甲苯的净化能力大幅提高;当TiO2与废电池芯粉的质量比为2:1时,催化剂的催化效果最好,甲苯的净化效率提高了近45％;空速越大,催化剂对甲苯的净化效率越低;净化效率随光照强度的增加呈现先增加后保持不变的规律;催化剂在相对湿度为30％的条件下具有最佳的催化活性,氧气体积分数为15％时为净化效率达到最大.本研究结果可为废旧锌锰电池的回收利用提供新的思路.     

β-In2S3的制备及其太阳光下降解土霉素

利用水热反应法制备β-In2S3纳米颗粒光催化剂,并利用SEM、TEM和XRD等对其进行分析表征;采用土霉素溶液模拟四环素类抗生素废水,探讨In2S3对土霉素的降解效果.结果表明,β-In2S3为立方相纳米颗粒结构,该纳米颗粒由纳米片组成,直径约15~30 nm.以太阳光为辐射光源,In2S3对土霉素具有良好的光催化降解效果,在4 h内对初始浓度为30 mg·L-1的土霉素降解率可达98%以上.降解土霉素后的催化剂在无水乙醇中清洗并烘干,经4次循环利用后,β-In2S3的降解能力仍能达到85%以上,表明β-In2S3光催化剂具有良好的稳定性以及光催化活性.     

TiO2/PS/Fe3O4 光催化剂的低温制备及其光催化和磁回收性能

以聚苯乙烯(PS)包覆油酸修饰过的纳米Fe3O4为磁核,在低温(90℃)、中性(pH=7左右)条件下,制备了以PS为惰性隔离层的磁载TiO2光催化剂.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外分光光度计(FT-IR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)对催化剂的物相组成、形貌、表面性质、磁学性质进行了表征.以苯酚为模拟污染物,考察了其光催化活性,以自制的磁回收装置,考察其回收特性.结果表明,低温制备的TiO2为锐钛矿结构,平均粒径为2～5 nm,催化剂TiO2/PS/Fe3O4[其中物质的量比为n(TiO2)∶n(St)∶n(Fe3O4)=60∶2.5∶1]具有结构完整的壳/壳/核结构,TiO2在PS/Fe3O4表面负载牢固;光催化降解苯酚遵循一级反应动力学方程,TiO2/PS/Fe3O4[n(TiO2)∶n(St)∶n(Fe3O4)=60∶2.5∶1]的反应速率常数K=0.025 8,与纯TiO2的活性接近(K=0.026 2);循环使用5次后,反应速率常数仅降低0.003 4.所制催化剂具有较强的磁感应强度,平均回收率可达到92%以上.该低温水解法制备的磁载TiO2光催化剂具有良好的应用前景.     

光催化降解渗滤液DOM不同组分的相对分子质量变化特征

采用凝胶色谱技术研究了光催化氧化处理过程中垃圾渗滤液DOM 6种组分的分子质量变化规律.结果表明,垃圾渗滤液DOM的相对分子质量大多在104以下,平均在104以上的大分子物质主要是HIB和HIN,仅占渗滤液DOM总量的20%左右.其余组分大多位于(1～10)×103之间,低于500的组分含量很少.说明垃圾渗滤液DOM是以中等相对分子质量的黄腐酸类物质为主,难以生物降解.光催化处理过程中渗滤液DOM的相对分子质量分布范围逐渐变宽,多分散系数D逐渐增大.HOB、HIB、HIA以及HON组分在光催化处理后,相对分子质量显著减小;其中HOB减小最为明显,由初始的(4～25)×103,减小为72 h的(0.4～1)×103之间.而HOA和HIN组分的相对分子质量呈增加趋势,其中HOA增加最为明显,在垃圾原液中分布于(2～20)×103,在72 h光催化处理液中位于(20～50)×103之间.随着处理时间延长,DOM各组分的RID信号均降低,说明其浓度下降.整体上看,渗滤液DOM各组分均发生了明显光催化转化.     

Effect of transition metal doping under reducing calcination atmosphere on photocatalytic property of TiO2 immobilized on SiO2 beads

TiO₂ immobilized on SiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂) have been prepared by sol-gel method and various ions of transition metals (Cr³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) were doped on the photocatalyst using wet impregnation method under reducing calcination atmosphere. The photocatalytic activity of metal doped TiO₂/SiO₂ towards phenol degradation under black light irradiation were investigated and compared with undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. The results showed that the photoresponse of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂ were larger than undoped TiO₂/SiO₂, indicating that the photogenerated carriers were separated more efficiently in Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂. The reactivity was in the order of Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Co²⁺. The different photoreactivity was ascribed to combine effect of the different ionic radii and photocorrison tendency of the dopants. The sample was also characterized by surface analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph/electron dispersive X-ray analyzer and UV-Vis absorption spectrum.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of quantum-dot-sensitized one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorod photocatalyst

An efficient photocatalyst was fabricated by assembling quantum dots （QDs） onto one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods, and the photocatalytic properties for Methyl Orange degradation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The results indicate that the catalyst with assembled QDs is more favorable for the degradation than the pristine ZnO nanorods. The QDs with core-shell structure lower the photocatalytic ability due to the higher carder transport barrier of the ZnS shell layer. Besides its degradation efficiency, the photocatalyst has several advantages given that the one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods have been grown directly on indium tin oxide substrates. The article provides a new method to design an effective and easily recyclable photocatalyst.     

多壁碳纳米管的制备与可见光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)/CdS/TiO2复合半导体光催化剂。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等分析方法对光催化剂进行了结构表征,并考察了在可见光照射条件下MWCNTs/CdS/TiO2对甲基橙(MO)降解的光催化性能。结果表明,MWCNTs/CdS/TiO2能有效降解甲基橙。低浓度MO降解效果比高浓度好,光催化剂投加量为1.2 g/L即可达到较好的催化效果,酸性条件有利于光催化,投加适宜浓度的H2O(2低于10 mmol/L)时会和催化剂产生协同效果,浓度过大,催化效果下降。阴离子对催化效果有抑制作用,其中PO43-的抑制作用最强。所制备的复合催化剂具有较好的实际应用价值。     

铋-镧复合氧化物的制备与光催化活性

以同时含La(Ⅲ)和B(iⅢ)的双金属配合物BiLa(dtpa)(NO3).3.5H2O为前驱体,通过500℃的热分解制得铋-镧复合氧化物Bi0.775La0.225O1.5,并利用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis漫反射等分析手段研究灼烧时间对样品的结构及光吸收特性的影响。以甲基橙模拟废水的光催化降解为模型,研究不同灼烧时间对铋-镧复合氧化物光催化活性的影响。结果表明,热分解所得铋-镧复合氧化物样品呈疏松多孔结构,对光具有较宽的吸收范围,在紫外光区具有较好的光催化活性,灼烧时间影响样品的粒径和形貌以及光催化效果,在20 mg/L甲基橙溶液中添加灼烧1 h和4 h所得的催化剂样品1 g/L,光照4 h后甲基橙褪色率分别达95%和91%。