Mechanochemical decomposition of pentachlorophenol by ball milling

The mechanochemical dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was studied using CaO and SiO2 powder as additives. The e ects of the milling time and additives on the dechlorination rate were investigated. The resulting product was characterized by X-ray di raction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and ion chromatography (IC). It is found that grinding operation could dechlorinate PCP, with the formation of inorganic chloride and amorphous carbon. The addition of quartz to the grinding mixture facilitated dechlorination. On the basis of the experimental results, the decomposition mechanism was proposed. Decomposition predominantly proceeds through rupture of C–Cl bond in PCP molecule, followed by the formation of inorganic chlorides.     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions and its relationship with the disinfection by-product formation

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) has been identified as precursor for disinfection by-products(DBPs) formation during chlorination. Recently,it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of DOM influence the DBPs formation mechanism. A study was,therefore,initiated to investigate the effects of DOM fractions on DBPs formation mechanism. In the chlorination process,organic acids are dominant precursors of total thihalomethanes(TTHM) because of the νC-O and unsaturated structures. Furthermore,the TTHM format...     

关于四川泡菜行业废水排放的几点思考

随着泡菜产业的蓬勃发展及污染治理力度的加大,泡菜行业的废水排放问题已引起了环境管理部门的重视。从四川泡菜行业的产业现状及发展趋势着手,分析了泡菜生产的主要废水产生环节及废水水质特点,着重讨论了目前的泡菜废水处理工艺存在的主要问题,并对此提出了建议。     

吹脱-Fenton氧化-沉淀工艺处理乙基氯化物废水

乙基氯化物是重要的农药中间体,广泛用于生产高效低毒有机磷农药,在生产过程中产生大量高COD、高磷、高硫等污染物的有毒废水。文章针对该废水的水质,提出了一种新的预处理工艺:吹脱-Fenton氧化-沉淀反应。试验结果表明:当吹脱时间为20 min,pH为3.10,Fenton反应双氧水与亚铁离子摩尔比为4:1,双氧水投加量为5 mL/L以及沉淀反应石灰投加量为14.5 g/L时,废水中的COD从228 g/L降低到56.60 g/L,硫离子浓度从88.94 g/L降低到12.26 g/L,总磷含量从10.37 g/L降低到0.98 g/L。     

精密度和偏性质量控制试验在容量分析中的应用

用硝酸银容量法测定饮用水中氯化物，应用空量法的精密度和偏性质量控制程序，对方法的误差进行评价。通过该试验可全面了解实验过程中误差的来源和大小。产将误差控制在允许的限度内。试验结果表明，总标准差分别为０．１３４、０．１５８、０．１０８ｍｇ／Ｌ，总平均回收率可信限为１．０３．     

闽江马尾段咸潮入侵情况阶段性调查

阐述了１９９４年初闽江下游马尾江段咸潮入侵的历时、强度和影响范围。初步探讨了咸 潮入侵与迳流、潮流的关系，并提出要使马尾水受咸潮影响，上游的迳流应保证的流量。     

原子吸收法间接测定天然水中微量氯化物

1 火焰原子吸收间接定量氯化物的方法已有不少报道。pinto提出氯化银沉淀中银的测定,可定量5～100ppm浓度范围的氯离子。藤沼等人提出,在试样溶液中加入酚酞,低温(<3℃)保存,经溶解生成的氯化银后测定银的吸光度。另外,喜谷等人提出以分析医药品中的卤素时,在试样溶液中加入过量的硝酸银,经过滤银的卤素化合物后,测定滤液中的剩余银,以此来尝试定量氯化物、溴化物和碘化物。其他二、三种报道是有关定量范围、干扰物质的消除对策等等,利用生成沉淀与测定滤液中银的方法来加以区别。 本文作者最近提出,采用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸     

A novel method to synthesize polyaluminum chloride with a membrane reactor

Al13 or Alb is usually regarded as the most efficient species of polyaluminum chloride(PAC), the performance flocculant for water treatment. This paper was intended to report a new method to synthesize PAC with high content Alb, by using the membrane reactor. NaOH solutions were managed to permeate slowly through the micropores of ultrafiltration membrane into AlCl3 solutions under the suitable transmembrane pressure(TMP). Meanwhile NaOH drops size was limited to nano-scale, resulting in dramatical reduction of the characteristic diffusion time and great increment of contact interface between the strong base and AI ions in solution to favor the formation of Al(OH)4^-, the precursor of AI,3, so few precipitates and much Alb are produced. When the initial concentration of AlCl3/NaOH is 0.40/2.0 (mol/L), MWCO = 10000, TMP = 0.0085 MPa, T= 305 K and B(molar ratio of OH^-/Al^3 ) = 2.25, the quantity of Alb attains about 80%. The results of ^27Al-NMR determination showed that the Al13 content is equal to Alb content. And our PAC product has shown better flocculation effects than the commercial product.     

甲烷氯化物废水治理工艺的技术应用

在氯碱工业加工过程中会产生大量的甲烷氯化物废水,废水中含有大量的甲烷氯化物,该类废水不易处理,极大地影响了后续废水处理工作的开展。本文以某司甲烷氯化物具体试验为例,探讨高分子吸附剂在甲烷氯化物废水处理过程中的应用,在利用高分子吸附剂进行吸附的同时通过蒸汽吹脱使树脂中富集下来的甲烷氯化物得到分离回收,从而实现了废水的资源化,达到治废与资源利用的双重效果。     

汞量滴定法和分光光度法对比研究

同时采用汞量滴定法和分光光度法分析海洋大气中所采集的氯化物总量。并计算出氯化物的沉积速率。根据计算结果利用t检验判断这2种分析法是否一致。研究表明：在显著水平α小于0．5时,2种分析方法无明显差异。