Experimental studies on ozonation of ethylenethiourea

The experimental study on ozonation of ethylenethiourea(ETU) is conducted.The reaction of gas-phase ETU with 0.63 × 10-6 mol/L ozone is carried out in a 200-L reaction chamber.The secondary organic aerosol(SOA) resulted from the ozonation of gas-phase ETU is observed with a scanning mobility particle size(SMPS).The rapid exponential growth of SOA reveals that the atmospheric lifetime of ETU vapor towards ozone reaction is less than four days.The ozonation of dry ETU particles,ETU-contained water droplets an...     

A kinetic model of Ti（IV）-catalyzed H2O2/O3 process in aqueous solution

A kinetic model for the Ti(IV)-catalyzed H₂O₂/O₃ process was established, and the experimental results demonstrated that the model could well describe this ozone-based oxidative system mathematically and chemically.     

Benzene removal by nano magnetic particles under continuous condition from aqueous solutions

Benzene removal evaluated using Fe304 nano continuous condition. A 44 initial benzene concentration, from aqueous solutions was magnetic particles （NM） in factorial design including NM dose, contact time and pH was investigated in 16 experiments （Taguchi OA design）. The results indicated that all factors were significant and the optimum condition was： pH 8, NM dose of 2000 mg.L-1, benzene concentrations of 100 mg.L-1 and contact time of 14min. The maximum benzene uptake and distribution ratio in the optimum situation were 49.4mg.g-1 and 38.4L.g-1, respectively. The nano particles were shown to capture 98.7% of the benzene in optimum batch condition and 94.5% in continuous condition. The isotherm data proved that the Bmnauer-Emmett-Teller model fit more closely and produced an isotherm constant （b） less than one, indicating favorable adsorption. Regeneration studies verified that the benzene adsorbed by the NM could be easily desorbed by temperature, and thereby, NM can be employed repeatedly in water and wastewater management.     

Oxidative treatment of aqueous monochlorobenzene with thermally-activated persulfate

The oxidation of aqueous monochlorobenzene （MCB） solutions using thermally- activated persulfate has been investigated. The influence of reaction temperature on the kinetics of MCB oxidation was examined, and the Arrenhius Equation rate constants at 20℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃, and 60℃ for MCB oxidation performance were calculated as 0, 0.001, 0.002, 0.015, 0.057 min-1, which indicates that elevated temperature accelerated the rate. The most efficient molar ratio ofpersulfate/MCB for MCB oxidation was determined to be 200 to 1 and an increase in the rate constants suggests that the oxidation process proceeded more rapidly with increasing persulfate/MCB molar ratios. In addition, the reactivity of persulfate in contaminated water is partly influenced by the presence of background ions such as CI-, HCO3, SO2 , and NO3. Importantly, a scavenging effect in rate constant was observed for both C1 and CO2- but not for other ions. The effective thermally activated persulfate oxidation of MCB in groundwater from a real contaminated site was achieved using both elevated reaction temperature and increased persulfate/MCB molar ratio.     

根系分泌物对五氯酚的增溶作用和影响机制

采用室内模拟培养方法研究了植物根系分泌物对五氯酚(PCP)溶解性的影响及其反应机制,结果表明,根系分泌物属于表面活性物质,提高了PCP溶解性,增加了PCP的表观溶解度,而且其对PCP增溶作用与根系分泌物浓度呈线性正相关,向日葵根系分泌物中大分子组分含量比紫花苜蓿的高,其对PCP的增溶效果比紫花苜蓿的大,根系分泌物降低了PCP的正辛醇/水溶液分配系数,且各体系中IgKow分配系数的大小顺序与增溶作用大小顺序正好相反,产生上述结果是因为根系分泌物中的大分子组分能够形成疏水微区,促进PCP的分配作用,提高PcP的溶解性,而且根系分泌物中大分子组分愈多,其对PCP增溶作用愈强.     

氯离子浓度对硝酸基复合肥水溶液热安全性影响研究

为了研究复合肥洗涤液中氯离子浓度对硝酸基复合肥水溶液热稳定性影响,利用自行研制的临界爆炸测试装置对硝酸基复合肥水溶液的热安全性进行测试。结果表明,不同浓度氯离子对硝酸基复合肥水溶液临界爆炸温度影响较大,复合肥水溶液的分解温度随着氯离子浓度的增大呈先降低后升高的趋势。研究结果对硝酸基复合肥的安全生产具有指导意义。     

含盐水中苯并[a]芘在模拟太阳光下的降解

主要研究了在模拟太阳光照射下,含盐水溶液中苯并[a]芘(BaP)的光降解,讨论了氯离子浓度、pH值、苯并[a]芘浓度、腐殖酸、助溶剂、电子供体、固体颗粒物等对苯并[a]芘光降解的影响.这些影响因素从不同的路径促进或抑制苯并[a]芘的光降解,得出了光照条件下BaP可能的转化路径.同时通过进行GC-MS检测确定了苯并[a]芘光降解后有6-氯代苯并[a]芘和苯并[a]芘二酮物质生成.     

改变垫水层沸点的薄层睛扬沸实验研究

扬沸是油池火灾的一种特殊现象,燃料和垫水层交界面的过热温度和沸腾状态是决定扬沸是否发生以及发生时间的最主要因素,过热温度由沸点决定.在垫水层中添加氯化钠能够改变垫水层的沸点,从而改变交界面的过热温度.在垫水层添加氯化钠使其成为饱和氯化钠水溶液,对此条件下的油池火燃烧进行实验探究,以验证前人关于扬沸临界条件的研究结果,并...     

纳米腐植酸基复合树脂的制备及其对Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附

采用水溶液聚合法,以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺及改性蒙脱土为原料,纳米腐植酸为基体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过二硫酸钾为引发剂,制备了丙烯酸-蒙脱土-丙烯酰胺/纳米腐植酸复合树脂(简称复合树脂)。考察了溶液pH、吸附时间、吸附温度、初始离子浓度等因素对复合树脂分别吸附Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的影响。实验结果表明:在吸附温度35℃、吸附时间90 min、溶液pH为7、初始Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的浓度分别为0.02 mol/L、复合树脂加入量16.7 g/L的条件下,Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附量分别为383.02 mg/g和359.27 mg/g;复合树脂吸附Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附等温线均满足Langmuir等温吸附方程;吸附过程均符合准二级动力学方程;复合树脂重复使用6次,其对Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附量分别降低了17.1%和9.3%。     

新的净化技术—利用硅酮聚合物去除水溶液中的有机污染物

本文探讨了一种新的水的净化技术，即在空心纤维膜的结构里，利用硅酮聚合物除去水溶液中的有机污染物。此种方法应用简单，设备成本低，容量高，效益好。本文对许多参数都进行了研究，如：溶质浓度、管壁的厚度，管子的长度，直径，流速的作用，管子的容量、管材的型号，以及温度，压力的影响等等。试验和理论数据的统一以简单的数学处理方程式表示。