氯化镧改性黏土固化湖泊底泥中磷的研究

用氯化镧对14种黏土进行改性并研究了这些改性黏土固化磷的效果.研究了pH对改性高岭土磷吸附率和镧离子溶出的影响.结果表明,通过氯化镧改性,不同黏土的磷固定率由改性前的3%～14%提高到改性后的52%～95%.氯化镧改性高岭土在pH为5时,达到磷吸附率的最大值94.85%,并在pH值4～8范围内,保持较高的磷吸附率（>80%）.在pH>6.5的范围,La³⁺溶出浓度低于0.0178 mg/L.     

巢湖污染现状与水质恢复措施

巢湖是属于国家"三河三湖"重点水污染防治流域之一。近年来,湖体营养过程加剧,生态环境受到明显损害,制约了流域社会经济的可持续发展。巢湖湖区水中高锰酸钾、总氮、总磷含量分别为4.9、2.48、0.227mg/L,水质类别为劣ⅴ类(重度污染);表层沉积物中总氮、总磷含量平均值为1065、587 mg/kg。要实现流域水资源的可持续利用,必须加快水污染综合治理。文章分析了巢湖污染现状,结合实际情况提出了治理对策。     

云贵高原湖区湖泊营养物生态分区技术方法研究

提出一种基于主成分分析、聚类分析、判别分析和空间自相关的分区模型,用于对云贵高原湖区湖泊营养物生态分区的研究.首先运用主成分分析方法对众多指标进行了降维综合处理,产生彼此互补相关又能综合反映湖区情况的4个新指标,累计贡献率达到93.69%,具有充分的代表性,构建了云贵高原湖区湖泊营养物生态分区指标体系.在此基础上,根据各区域新指标值,结合聚类模型初步将湖泊流域分为5类,再利用判别分析完成非湖泊流域的类别判别,最后运用空间自相关分析方法,按聚类结果进行全局自相关分析,Moran’sI为0.320,且检验值Z值为68.2,远大于临界值(显著水平1%所对应的临界值2.58),表明聚类结果与空间位置具有显著相关性,之后运用局部自相关对区域各因素的主成分综合得分的空间分布格局进行了量化分析,揭示了零散分类区块在空间地域分布上的关联和差异,根据关联结果完成最终的分区.结果表明,利用此分区模型可以尽量避免人为因素,得到更为客观的分区结果,具有良好的适应性和可行性,可为探索适合我国湖泊营养物生态分区的指标体系和分区技术方法,完成全国湖泊营养物生态分区和科学地制定我国湖泊营养物基准和富营养化控制标准提供技术支持.     

再生水助力城市节水:以城市景观用水为例

中国北方城市一般都存在缺水的问题。同时,城市规划中景观的作用是至关重要的。但由于缺水,景观用水与生产、生活用水的矛盾越来越突出。近年来,再生水的作用越来越广阔,而对于城市景观用水来说,再生水是经常使用的一种水源。特别是     

电动生物修复湖泊底泥中直链烷基苯磺酸钠

直链烷基苯磺酸钠(Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates,LAS)是环境中最常见的具有代表性的一类有机污染物,城市湖泊长期以来接纳了大量的污染物,致使底泥沉积了大最的LAS.采用电动生物复合技术修复东湖底泥中LAS,由于其LAS含量过高,当直接添加芽孢杆菌降解LAS时,发现无明显的降解效果.经过驯...     

云南星云湖南岸生态整治规划

阐述了高原湖泊星云湖的自然条件、污染根源和景观特点,在此基础上通过本项目星云湖南岸(一期)生态整治规划,尝试在整个流域范围内运用GIS分析生态湿地建设、农业面源污染控制和重现滨水空间等,改善星云湖的水质,提高星云湖及周边的生态旅游价值.规划采用顶端控制和底端治理相结合的策略,恢复星云湖流域的生态功能,解决星云湖流域现有...     

Beyond hypoxia：Occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake

Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.     

Submerged vegetation removal promotes shift of dominant phytoplankton functional groups in a eutrophic lake

Historical data indicate that the dominance of submerged plants in Dianchi Lake in the 1960 s was characterized by low algal density with dominance of non-toxic group J（Scenedesmus,Pediastrum,etc.）. The removal of submerged plants,which began in the 1970 s,resulted in the expansion of bloom-forming Microcystis（group M）. Laboratory experiments suggested that Microcystis aeruginosa was inclined to grow and develop at elevated temperatures. The growth of Scenedesmus obliquus was slower than that of co-cultivated M. aeruginosa in the absence of Ceratophyllum demersum,especially at higher temperatures. The existence of submerged plant C. demersum could inhibit the growth of the harmful algae M. aeruginosa and this inhibitory effect by C. demersum was enhanced with an increase in temperature. Instead,with C. demersum,the growth of S. obliquus was not inhibited,but the co-cultivated M. aeruginosa was eliminated in a short time. Combined with the historical data and laboratory experiments,it was indicated that the submerged plants might play important roles in the dominance of the non-toxic group J in the historical succession. Consequently,the introduction of the submerged plant such as C. demersum might alter the dominant phytoplankton functional groups from M to J and benefit the restoration of the eutrophic lake.     

澳大利亚湖泊水环境保护与管理

<正>澳大利亚地处南半球,孤悬于太平洋与印度洋之间,四面环海,是世界上唯一一个独占一个大陆的国家。澳大利亚人口2327万,相当于欧洲的4/5。国土面积为769.2万平方公里,东西距离约4000千米,南北距离约3860千米,居世界第六位,而人口密度为世界上最低的国家,平均每平方千米仅有3人。全澳划分为六个州和两个地区。东部是山地,中部是平原,西部是高原。内陆为荒芜人烟的沙漠,干旱少雨,气温高,温差大;在沿海地区,雨量充沛,气候湿     

常见卫星传感器在蓝藻水华监测中的应用进展

在全球气候变暖的背景下,湖泊富营养化程度日益加剧导致了全球范围内蓝藻水华暴发频次和暴发范围的逐步增加。利用传统水质监测方法实现蓝藻水华的实时动态监测尚存困难,而遥感技术具有监测范围广、速度快和成本低等优势,于蓝藻水华动态监测中得到了广泛应用。文章在介绍湖泊蓝藻水华遥感监测的原理和方法的基础上,对几种常见卫星传感器在湖泊蓝藻水华监测中的应用现状进行了总结,对比了各种传感器和反演模型的优缺点,最后对目前湖泊蓝藻水华遥感监测研究中存在的不足和发展方向作了分析和展望。