电絮凝法去除饮用水中氟的研究

采用双铝电絮凝法去除饮用水中的氟.研究了电极间距、原水pH值、原水氟浓度、电流密度对除氟的影响.结果表明,电絮凝法去除地下水中的氟不需添加可溶性盐和改变pH值,在选定的实验条件下,阳极面积与反应器容积比为52.5 m2/m3,电极间距1.0 cm,电流密度30 A/m2,反应10 min后,出水中F-浓度符合国家饮用水卫生标准.     

Pd/Ti电极上2,4,6-三氯酚还原脱氯:条件优化及降解途径

利用电沉积法制备了Pd/Ti电极,用于2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)的电还原脱氯.采用单因素实验和响应面分析法,探讨了2,4,6-TCP脱氯试验条件;根据实验结果,拟合出了脱氯中各步骤的反应速率常数.结果表明,2,4,6-TCP初始浓度为80mg/L时,优化的脱氯参数为电流为5mA,支持电解质Na2SO4浓度为0.05mol/L,阴极电解液初始pH值为2.40.在优化条件下, 2,4,6-TCP在80min内完全脱氯; 2,4,6-TCP的还原脱氯符合准一级反应动力学,主要脱氯途径为2,4,6-TCP→2,6-DCP→2-CP→苯酚.     

煤矿区废水中溶解性有机质与铜的结合特性

为研究煤矿区废水排放对环境中重金属化学行为的影响,通过荧光滴定实验,利用铜离子选择电极法和荧光猝灭法定量化研究了矿井水和生活污水中溶解性有机质对铜的结合行为.结果表明,铜离子选择性电极法能精确地定量化这2类废水中有机质对铜的结合容量,其中矿井水中有机质对铜具有较大的结合容量,可以达到163.9mg/g,而生活污水中有机质对铜的结合容量相对较小,只有72.6mg/g.荧光猝灭法结果表征了这2类废水中各个组分对铜的结合特性,其中矿井水中的富里酸(A峰)对铜具有较强的结合容量,而生活污水中的类蛋白组分对铜的结合能力相对较弱.2类废水与铜结合前后的红外光谱变化结果表明矿井水中腐殖酸物质与铜的结合是一种化学反应,其中的酚羟基和羧基等官能团参与了反应,但生活污水中类蛋白物质的官能团与铜并没有发生化学结合反应.     

电化学氧化法在难降解有机废水处理中的应用

从不同废水种类论述了目前国内外有关电化学氧化处理有机废水的基本原理及应用现状．并讨论了该领域研究中存在的问题和发展方向。     

热处理对SnO2/Ti电化学催化降解p-苯醌的影响

用热分解方法制备了钛基二氧化锡阳极(SnO₂/Ti),对比研究了空气/氧气2种热处理气氛对电极性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了电极表面形貌,对电极表面主要膜元素的化学状态进行了X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,对电极在不同溶液的动电位极化行为进行了测试,研究了2种电极在5mA/cm²恒电流状态下对p-苯醌的电解催化去除性能.SEM观察表明,2种电极表面都为典型的泥裂形貌,但在氧气气氛中退火处理的电极具有更大的活性表面积.XPS分析发现,在氧气气氛中退火处理的电极表面Sn3d_5/2、Sb3d_5/2电子的结合能较在空气气氛中退火处理的低0.15eV.动电位极化测试结果与恒电流电解实验结果都表明,在氧气气氛中退火处理的电极对水中p-苯醌具有更好的电化学催化去除性能.在电解进行至溶液完全脱色的情况下,氧气气氛中退火处理的电极对水中TOC的去除率为76.3%,而空气气氛中退火处理的电极对水中TOC的去除率为63.3%.在2种电极条件下,溶液中TOC浓度随电解时间的变化规律均符合指数变化规律.     

银基汞膜电极的制作及在环境水样中的应用

<正> 汞对环境的污染已引起人类的高度重视。在极谱分析中滴汞电极的用汞量较大,若操作不慎则容易对环境造成污染和使分析人员产生不适。而汞膜电极克服汞对环境的污染和提高微量元素在极谱分析中的检出限都有较好的效果,因此近年来发展迅速,并以各种基体出现的汞膜电极相继而出。本项工作试制了银基汞膜电极和探索了该电极在醋酸钠底液中铅锌连测的应用。     

土壤电动修复的电极空间构型优化研究

采用MATLAB软件对非均匀电场中几种常见电极构型的电场分布进行了模拟,根据最优的电极构型构建了电动修复实验装置,研究了电动修复过程中不同部位土壤p H以及重金属残留量随时间变化情况.结果表明,从电场强度的有效性角度,正方形(1-D-1)和正六边形(2-D-3)分别是一维、二维构型中最优的电极构型,土壤p H值的变化、重金属的去除与电场强度的分布有密切关系.采用正六边形电极构型对镉、镍、铅、铜共4种阳离子型重金属进行电动修复时,控制阴极p H值,随着修复的进行,在整个反应单元中逐步形成了酸性迁移带,可在一定程度上避免重金属的过早沉淀,有利于重金属的去除.电动修复480 h后,重金属镉、镍、铅、铜的总去除率分别为86.6%、86.2%、67.7%、73.0%,可根据修复目标改变修复时间和更换电极频次.     

Removal of estrogens by electrochemical oxidation process

Treatments of estrogens such as Estrone(E1), Estradiol(E2) and Ethinylestradiol(EE2) were conducted using an electrolytic reactor equipped with multi-packed granular glassy carbon electrodes.Experimental results showed that E1, E2 and EE2 were oxidized in the range of 0.45–0.85 V and were removed through electro-polymerization. Observed data from continuous experiments were in good agreement with calculated results by a mathematical model constructed based on mass transfer limitation. In continuous treatment of trace estrogens(1 μg/L), 98% of E1, E2 and EE2 were stably removed. At high loading rate(100 μg/L), removal efficiency of E1 was kept around 74%–88% for21 days, but removal efficiency reduced due to passivation of electrodes. However, removal efficiency was recovered after electrochemical regeneration of electrodes in presence of ozone. Electric energy consumption was observed in the range of 1–2 Wh/m3. From these results, we concluded that the present electrochemical process would be an alternative removal of estrogens.     

Electrocatalytic reduction of ortho nitrobenzaldehyde using modified aluminum electrode and its determination

A simple, cost effective and rapid electrochemical method has been developed for the determination of micro level ortho nitrobenzaldehyde（ONB） based on outstanding properties of modified aluminum electrode tin nanorods/anodic aluminum oxide/aluminum（SnNR/AAO/Al） for the first time. The SnNR/AAO/Al electrode was fabricated by a second step anodization, followed by electrodeposition and its electrochemical behavior was investigated in detail. The cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the SnNR/AAO/Al electrode exhibited efficient electrocatalytic activity toward reduction of ONB in the acidic solution. It provides an appreciable improvement of reduction peak for ONB at-0.721 V.Furthermore, various kinetic parameters such as transfer electron number, transfer proton number and standard heterogeneous rate constant were calculated from the scan rates.The electrocatalytic behavior was further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for the ONB determination by differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit are 0.1-100 μmol/L and 0.05 μmol/L, respectively,for ONB. The analytical performance of this modified sensor has been evaluated for detection of real sample such as river water and recovery of ONB was achieved all-out up to102.3% under standard addition method.     

我国首次成功在脑中植入电极用意念控制机械手臂

近日,浙江大学医学院附属第二医院神经外科与浙江大学求是高等研究院合作的“脑机接口临床转化应用课题组”宣布,首次通过颅内植入电极的方式实现意念控制机械手,人类利用“意念”操控机械不再是空想。这一成果为“渐冻人”实现运动功能重建带来了希望。