Electrocatalytic reduction of ortho nitrobenzaldehyde using modified aluminum electrode and its determination

A simple, cost effective and rapid electrochemical method has been developed for the determination of micro level ortho nitrobenzaldehyde（ONB） based on outstanding properties of modified aluminum electrode tin nanorods/anodic aluminum oxide/aluminum（SnNR/AAO/Al） for the first time. The SnNR/AAO/Al electrode was fabricated by a second step anodization, followed by electrodeposition and its electrochemical behavior was investigated in detail. The cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the SnNR/AAO/Al electrode exhibited efficient electrocatalytic activity toward reduction of ONB in the acidic solution. It provides an appreciable improvement of reduction peak for ONB at-0.721 V.Furthermore, various kinetic parameters such as transfer electron number, transfer proton number and standard heterogeneous rate constant were calculated from the scan rates.The electrocatalytic behavior was further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for the ONB determination by differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit are 0.1-100 μmol/L and 0.05 μmol/L, respectively,for ONB. The analytical performance of this modified sensor has been evaluated for detection of real sample such as river water and recovery of ONB was achieved all-out up to102.3% under standard addition method.     

Removal of estrogens by electrochemical oxidation process

Treatments of estrogens such as Estrone(E1), Estradiol(E2) and Ethinylestradiol(EE2) were conducted using an electrolytic reactor equipped with multi-packed granular glassy carbon electrodes.Experimental results showed that E1, E2 and EE2 were oxidized in the range of 0.45–0.85 V and were removed through electro-polymerization. Observed data from continuous experiments were in good agreement with calculated results by a mathematical model constructed based on mass transfer limitation. In continuous treatment of trace estrogens(1 μg/L), 98% of E1, E2 and EE2 were stably removed. At high loading rate(100 μg/L), removal efficiency of E1 was kept around 74%–88% for21 days, but removal efficiency reduced due to passivation of electrodes. However, removal efficiency was recovered after electrochemical regeneration of electrodes in presence of ozone. Electric energy consumption was observed in the range of 1–2 Wh/m3. From these results, we concluded that the present electrochemical process would be an alternative removal of estrogens.     

我国首次成功在脑中植入电极用意念控制机械手臂

近日,浙江大学医学院附属第二医院神经外科与浙江大学求是高等研究院合作的“脑机接口临床转化应用课题组”宣布,首次通过颅内植入电极的方式实现意念控制机械手,人类利用“意念”操控机械不再是空想。这一成果为“渐冻人”实现运动功能重建带来了希望。     

腐蚀监测系统在飞机上的应用

介绍了在飞机上应用的腐蚀监测系统的工作原理、监测功能和使用模式,总结了国外腐蚀监测系统在飞机上的应用现状,指出了腐蚀监测系统研发及应用的关键技术,并提出了该腐蚀监测系统研发及应用的发展趋势。     

工程机械加工企业涂装废气治理的研究——以常石舟山造船厂为例

本文以常石集团舟山造船厂为列,重点研究了吸附-催化燃烧法、低温等离子体技术与光催化技术协同对涂装废气的去除效果及各反应参数对处理效果的影响,考察两种方法的实验情况,对这两种方法的反应机理进行了探讨。     

碳纳米管修饰电极电催化还原去除废水中的氯霉素

为发展废水中抗生素的处理技术、保护水环境质量,采用表面活性剂辅助分散碳纳米管,制备碳纳米管修饰电极,研究了修饰电极对氯霉素的电催化还原能力和动力学特征,初步探讨了氯霉素的还原去除机制.结果表明,双十六烷基磷酸(DHP)可以有效分散碳纳米管,通过优化碳纳米管和DHP的配比、分散液修饰量,制备的碳纳米管修饰电极还原2 mg·L~(-1)氯霉素24 h时的去除率达到97.21%;电催化还原氯霉素的动力学过程符合一级反应动力学模型,去除速率常数为0.157 4 h~(-1),半衰期为4.40 h.采用液相色谱-串联质谱分析法(LC-MS/MS)鉴定了氯霉素的还原产物,分析了氯霉素还原的可能途径,电催化不仅还原了氯霉素中的硝基,还可以进一步还原羰基和脱氯,显著降低氯霉素的毒性.     

TiO2纳米管阳极光电催化氧化次磷酸盐同时阴极回收金属铜

采用电化学阳极氧化法制备了高度有序阵列的二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米管电极,采用此电极作为光阳极在模拟太阳光(AM 1.5)照射下进行了光电催化氧化次磷酸盐且同时回收金属铜(Cu)的研究,比较了光电催化、电催化和光催化体系对次磷氧化和Cu回收效率的差异,详细探究了电压、初始pH、电解质种类对光电催化体系下次磷氧化和Cu回收...     

Sb-SnO_2/Ti纳米涂层电极对对硝基苯酚的电催化氧化

采用改进的热氧化工艺制备了不同掺锑量二氧化锡纳米涂层电极,对电极结构和形貌进行表征,进行了电化学性能测试,并进一步考察了不同掺锑量二氧化锡纳米涂层电极对对硝基苯酚电催化氧化降解行为。研究结果表明:不同掺锑量二氧化锡纳米涂层电极析氧电位均在1.70V(vs.SCE)以上,当掺锑量WSb/(WSn+WSb)为6.450wt%时,电极的电催化氧化性能最好,对硝基苯酚的电催化氧化反应属于电化学燃烧过程。     

复极性三维电极电解法去除表面活性剂的研究

对复极性三维电极电解法处理阴离子表面活性剂废水进行了正交试验的研究,探讨了反应动力学及反应机理,结果表明该法是处理表面活性剂废水的有效方法。最佳的运行参数是填料为活性炭和玻璃珠体积比为2:1的混合填料,LAS初始浓度C0=250mg/L,pH=2,U=30V,t=60min,在该工况下LAS去除率可达90.6%。该法降解LAS的反应符合二级动力学。LAS的氧化降解的反应历程分为两步:LAS先被氧化降解为小分子的有机物(中间产物),接着,中间产物被无机化。经过120min的电解反应,中间产物的残留量较少。UV光谱分析证明石墨电极电解体系能够将LAS中的苯基氧化破坏。     

硫酸溶解废锌锰电池正负电极材料的研究

研究了废锌锰电池正负极电极材料在硫酸中的溶解情况。H2O2的加入会对溶解过程产生较大的影响,适宜的溶解条件为：硫酸浓度3mol/L,液固比为6,反应温度50℃,H2O2浓度2．5％（质量分数）,反应时间20min.