Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.     

基于主成分-聚类分析模型的生态环境脆弱性分析:以平潭综合实验区为例

目前对平潭综合实验区(平潭主岛)脆弱性评价方面的研究仅有地下水系统的脆弱性研究,对生态环境方面的脆弱性研究尚未见诸文献中。针对此情况,文章首先从自然因素、人为干扰因素和环境因素3个方面构建了生态环境脆弱性指标体系,然后运用主成分-聚类分析模型对平潭综合实验区的生态环境脆弱性进行分区。脆弱性分区结论为平潭综合实验区总体为中强度脆弱,其中极强脆弱区为白青乡,强度脆弱区为北厝镇和苏澳镇,中度脆弱区为中楼乡、澳前镇和敖东镇,轻度脆弱区为平原镇、潭城镇和流水镇,微脆弱区为芦洋乡。文章从增加防护林的面积和种类、调整优化土地利用结构、开展生态功能区划和生态环境保护规划的编制工作三方面提出了降低研究区域生态环境脆弱性的对策措施。     

污水处理厂絮凝剂最佳浓度的小试实践

聚丙烯酰胺作为絮凝剂在污水处理行业使用已很普遍,使用前通过精确小试更准确把握其使用浓度及使用量,可节约生产成本。本文介绍了一种简易的试验装置,用其测定得到污水处理厂絮凝剂的最佳使用浓度。     

2013-2015年上海市霾污染事件潜在源区贡献分析

统计分析2013-2015年上海市每个月不同空气质量等级天数比重,根据HYSPLIT（Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory）后向轨迹模型对3年内的12月份影响上海地区的污染气团进行了综合聚类分析和逐年聚类分析.在综合12次严重霾事件的后向轨迹基础上,结合上海实时公布的PM_2.5小时浓度资料,对潜在源贡献因子PSCF（Potential Source Contribution Function）和浓度权重轨迹CWT（Concentration-weighted Trajectory）进行分析与比较,研究重霾期间影响上海PM_2.5质量浓度的潜在源区及不同源区对PM_2.5质量浓度的贡献差异.结果显示,上海市3年期间12月份霾颗粒物外来源主要输送渠道为西北路径和北方路径,源自于西北方向的气团比重占总气团的50.4%,北方向的气团几乎都经过海洋后进入上海地区.影响上海地区PM_2.5质量浓度的潜在源区主要分布在安徽、江苏和山东地区,此外江西北部、浙江北部、河北南部及山西少部分地区也对重霾事件中的污染物颗粒有一定程度的贡献.     

浅析报废汽车拆解厂废水循环处理技术的应用现状

报废汽车的回收拆解处理在我国已经逐渐兴起，但由于该产业尚处于发展初期，环保技术手段和可持续性发展意识还不够，因此在回收拆解过程中会产生大量的废水和其他污液。针对某汽车回收拆解厂的废水特性进行实验研究，形成“电荷凝集过滤一活性炭吸附”组合工艺，对报废汽车回收拆解企业的废水处理提供了一定的参考价值。     

应用模糊聚类方法进行四川国土分区研究

本文介绍采用模糊聚类方法进行四川省国土综合分区研究的情况和主要结果。提出将全省划分为8个国土区的结论,论述了各区的前景,探讨了定性与定量分区方法的先进性。     

昌吉市大气环境监测优化布点探讨

应用模糊聚类分析法将昌吉市大气常规监测网点从原来的５个点优化为３个点，经研究符合昌吉市实际情况。     

大庆炼化公司环境保护工作硕果累累

大庆炼化公司是隶属于中国石油的地区特大型石油化工企业．企业占地21平方公里，固定资产原值111亿元．销售收入200多亿元。拥有主体生产装置30套，具有600万吨／年原油一、二次配套加工能力和20万吨／年润滑油，10万吨，年石蜡、10万吨／年聚丙烯酰胺、3万吨／年腈纶以及亚洲单套最大的30万吨／年聚丙烯和11万锭毛纺生产能力．生产规模和装置水平达到世界水平．可生产汽油、柴油、     

湟水水环境监测断面优化设置研究

根据湟水污染的特性，利用模糊集合聚类分析法对其27个监测断面进行分析，得到了湟水水环境监测断面优化设置方案，实际运行表明该方案具有“全面、高效、经济”等特点。其分析方法可在其它相似河流水环境监测断面设置中应用。