Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom

Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen （DO） distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores with different surface properties were used to simulate black blooms in the laboratory. The Micro Profiling System was employed to explore features of the DO and ∑H2S distribution at the sediment-water interface. Physical and chemical characteristics in sediments and pore waters were also analyzed. The results showed that sediment dredging effectively suppressed the black blooms. In the undredged treatment, DO penetration depth was only 50 μm. Fe^2＋ concentrations, ∑H2S concentrations, and ∑H2S production rates were remarkably higher in surface sediments and pore waters compared to control and dredged treatments. Furthermore, depletion of DO and accumulation of Fe^2＋ and ∑H2S in surface sediments and pore waters provided favorable redox environments and necessary material sources for the blooms. The study results proved that physical and chemical characteristics in surface sediments are important factors in the formation of the black bloom, and could provide scientific guidance for emergency treatment and long-term pre-control of black blooms.     

江汉平原中部表层土壤中有机氯农药分布及来源

以GC/ECD测定江汉平原中部24个表层土壤中25种有机氯农药的含量。所有有机氯农药均有检出,其中含量最高的是DDT类农药,HCHs类农药含量规律为δ-HCH>α-HCH>β-HCH>γ-HCH。研究区域农药含量较国内其他地方来说污染较低。通过成分的不同含量比较,发现该地区农药除了早期污染外,近期也有新的污染源。     

苏州河表层沉积物中总汞测定的研究

采用金汞齐富集-冷原子吸收光谱法直接测定苏州河表层沉积物中的总汞。结果表明:该方法在0.00～200ng范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为0.005mg/kg(样品以0.2g计)。实际样品测定的RSD为1.24%～4.36%,加标回收率为91.8%～101%。与原子荧光光谱法相比,两种方法测定的结果没有显著差异。     

陕西红碱淖湖底表层沉积物粒度特征

根据不同沉积环境的代表性和空间分布的均匀性原则,对陕西北部红碱淖湖泊表层沉积物进行了较为系统的采样和粒度分析。粒度分析结果显示,红碱淖湖泊表层底泥主要由三种沉积类型组成：湖心稳定的湖泊沉积、受入湖河流影响的河口及三角洲沉积、相对稳定的近岸沉积。粒度分布的多组分特征不仅指示了沉积物来源差异,还指示了其环境和沉积动力。平均粒径的空间分布特征可以指示湖泊底流的流向及动力特征。发现西部湖盆目前仍受入湖径流的影响,而东部湖盆则受入湖径流影响相对较弱。粒度揭示的湖泊底流特征,可以作为研究入湖污染物及其扩散规律的依据之一。     

大连小窑湾海域表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价

基于2009年在大连小窑湾海域表层沉积物中的重金属监测数据,采用Hakanson生态风险指数法对湾内沉积物中的重金属的潜在生态风险进行了分析和评价,并对结果进行了地理空间表达,结果表明:调查研究海域的潜在生态风险较低,该海域的沉积物重金属潜在的生态风险因子为Cd和Hg。     

Topsoil organic carbon mineralization and CO2 evolution of three paddy soils from South China and the temperature dependence

Carbon mineralization and its response to climatic warming have been receiving global attention for the last decade. Although the virtual influence of temperature effect is still in great debate, little is known on the mineralization of organic carbon （SOC） of paddy soils of China under warming. SOC mineralization of three major types of China＇s paddy soils is studied through laboratory incubation for 114 d under soil moisture regime of 70% water holding capacity at 20℃ and 25℃ respectively. The carbon that mineralized as CO2 evolved was measured every day in the first 32 d and every two days in the following days. Carbon mineralized during the 114 d incubation ranged from 3.51 to 9.22 mg CO2-C/gC at 20℃ and from 4.24 to 11.35 mg CO2-C/gC at 25℃ respectively; and a mineralizable C pool in the range of 0.24 to 0.59 gC/kg, varying with different soils. The whole course of C mineralization in the 114 d incubation could be divided into three stages of varying rates, representing the three subpools of the total mineralizable C： very actively mineralized C at 1-23 d, actively tnineralized C at 24--74 d and a slowly mineralized pool with low and more or less stabilized C mineralization rate at 75-114 d. The calculated Q10 values ranged from 1.0 to 2.4, varying with the soil types and N status. Neither the total SOC pool nor the labile C pool could account for the total mineralization potential of the soils studied, despite a well correlation of labile C with the shortly and actively mineralized C, which were shown in sensitive response to soil warming. However, the portion of microbial C pool and the soil C/N ratio controlled the C mineralization and the temperature dependence. Therefore, C sequestration may not result in an increase of C mineralization proportionally. The relative control of C bioavailability and microbial metabolic activity on C mineralization with respect to stabilization of sequestered C in the paddy soils of China is to be further studied.     

磷在水和沉积物中的形态

文章介绍了生物可利用态的磷(总磷、有机磷、无机磷)在土耳其奥龙特斯河河水和表层沉积物中的分配结果.通过连续提取方法可获得无机态的磷,每次获得的无机磷有4种形态:松散吸附态的磷、铝绑定态磷、铁绑定态磷     

青岛近海沉积物中多环芳烃、多氯联苯和有机氯农药的含量和分布特征

利用气相色谱/质谱方法对青岛近海表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行了测定,并分析了PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的分布特征.结果表明,PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的均值分别为684.80、6.87和13.52ng·g-1,含量变化均呈近岸高、远岸低的分布规律.燃料的高温燃烧排放对本研究海域沉积物中PAHs有较大贡献;PCBs主要来源于工业及生活排放,但已受到控制;沉积物中HCHs存在工业和农业双重污染源输入,DDT主要是由于历史上使用农药造成,且在表层沉积物中受到好氧微生物降解.与国内外同类研究结果相比,调查海域沉积物中PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的污染程度及生态风险均处于较低水平.     

《环境科学与技术》总目次

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椒江口表层沉积物中重金属及多氯联苯研究

于2013年对椒江口表层沉积物中重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、Hg、As)和多氯联苯(PCBs)含量进行了测定,采用单因子污染指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法评价沉积物污染状况及其潜在生态风险。结果表明,Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、Hg、As和PCBs的平均含量分别为37.6、27.8、0.129、108.0、68.3、0.077、7.47 mg/kg和1.02μg/kg,其含量分布受到沉积物粒径的影响,沉积物中的细颗粒对重金属、PCBs污染物等具有更强的吸附、结合能力。评价结果显示:研究区域处于中等污染水平和中等潜在生态风险水平,各要素污染程度为Hg>Cu>Zn>Cd>Pb>Cr>As>PCBs,潜在生态风险程度排序为Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Pb>PCBs>Cr>Zn,Hg、Cd为首要潜在生态风险因子。