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71.
唐岛湾网箱养殖区沉积物-水界面溶解无机氮的扩散通量 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
2004-08~2005-05分4个航次对唐岛湾网箱养殖区的10个站的沉积物间隙水和上覆水中的溶解无机氮营养盐(NH+4-N、NO-3-N、NO-2-N)进行了现场调查, 并使用Fick第一定理对该海区沉积物-水界面溶解无机氮的扩散通量进行了估算.结果表明,网箱养殖区的上覆水和沉积物间隙水中溶解无机氮均以NO-3-N为主,分别占溶解无机氮总量的73.34%和61.45%;上覆水中溶解无机氮(DIN)和NO-3-N含量的季节变化趋势一致,在2004-10达到峰值,NH+4-N的季节变化稍有不同;间隙水中溶解无机氮(DIN)和NO-3-N、NH+4-N的变化趋势一致,表现为从5月份到8月份含量逐渐增加,到10月份达到最大,然后到次年2月份又减少;上覆水和间隙水中NO-2-N的含量随养殖进程表现为一个逐步积累的过程.NH+4-N、NO-3-N和NO-2-N在沉积物-海水界面上的扩散通量分别为5.46、-5.04、8.71 μmol/(m2·d),NO-2-N的扩散释放对唐岛湾网箱养殖区的水环境质量影响较大. 相似文献
72.
壳聚糖络合-超滤耦合过程去除溶液中铅离子的研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
采用聚醚砜超滤膜,以壳聚糖为络合剂络合-超滤去除溶液中Pb2+,考察了溶液pH值、Pb2+/壳聚糖装载量比、离子强度和Ca2+各因素对Pb2+截留率的影响,同时研究了超滤浓缩时间对Pb2+截留率及膜通量的影响.结果表明,溶液pH是决定络合-超滤耦合过程能否进行的关键因素;在pH为6.0, Pb2+/壳聚糖装载量比为0.25时,络合-超滤耦合过程对溶液中Pb2+的截留率达99%以上.溶液离子强度和Ca2+的增加均不利于络合-超滤耦合过程对Pb2+的去除.对浓缩的壳聚糖-铅溶液酸化解络之后,进一步采用全过滤过程回收壳聚糖.回收后的壳聚糖重新用于络合-超滤耦合过程去除溶液中Pb2+,此时对Pb2+的去除率为96.2%,与新鲜的壳聚糖没有明显差别.研究结果显示采用壳聚糖络合-超滤耦合过程能有效去除溶液中铅离子,同时实现壳聚糖的有效回收. 相似文献
73.
74.
Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum
minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and
phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates
in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth
of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates
only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day
12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited
phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL
(0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth
phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These
results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew
well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits. 相似文献
75.
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) fluxes from an urban Cynodon dactylon lawn and adjacent bare soil were
measured during April–July 2005 in Guangzhou, China. Both the lawn and bare soil acted as sinks for COS and sources for DMS.
The mean fluxes of COS and DMS in the lawn (–19.27 and 18.16 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively) were significantly higher than those
in the bare soil (–9.89 and 9.35 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively). Fluxes of COS and DMS in mowed lawn were also higher than those
in bare soils. Both COS and DMS fluxes showed diurnal variation with detectable but much lower values in the nighttime than in the
daytime. COS fluxes were related significantly to temperature and the optimal temperature for COS uptake was 29°C. While positive
linear correlations were found between DMS fluxes and temperature. COS fluxes increased linearly with ambient COS mixing ratios,
and had a compensation point of 336 ppt. 相似文献
76.
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78.
Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis (FO) membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic (alginate) fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process. 相似文献
79.
根据对环钦州湾区域的入海河流、直排海污染源及养殖废水无机氮入海通量的估算,2011年钦州湾无机氮入海通量约为7 655 t,其中入海河流无机氮入海通量占总量的96.4%,直排海污染源次之。入海无机氮占钦州湾无机氮总量的比重为36.7%,说明钦州湾已属中等强度人为影响海域。根据对钦州湾富营养化症状——叶绿素a含量的分析,钦州湾富营养化症状不明显,钦州湾整体的富营养化程度较低。因而仅以营养盐含量评价目标海域的富营养化程度,易失之偏颇,宜结合富营养化症状来判断目标海域的富营养化程度。 相似文献
80.
枯水期环渤海16条河流N_2O释放通量研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了枯水期环渤海16条河流N2O溶存浓度及释放通量,分析了河流N2O与氮浓度的响应关系,讨论了河流的N2O释放系数。结果表明,枯水期16条河流TN浓度介于5.53~37.49 mg/L,均超过Ⅴ类水标准。河流N2O处于过饱和状态,其溶存浓度及饱和度变化范围分别为0.02~40.10μmol/L和203%~390 245%。N2O溶存浓度与NH4+、TN显著正相关,表明河流氮负荷增加会极大促进N2O的产生和释放。研究采用5种常用通量模型对N2O释放通量进行了估算。结果表明,不同模型间通量结果差异很大。BO04方法估算通量最大(均值217.27μg N2O-N/(m2·h)),分别是LM86模型结果的5.5倍、W92a的2.3倍、W92b的2.9倍及RC01方法的1.7倍。W92b通量均值与5种方法的通量均值较为接近。研究对16条河流N2O排放系数的计算结果表明,其整体变化范围介于0.002 9~0.008 0,均值为0.005 8,高于IPCC的建议值0.002 5。因此,文章建议加强河流N2O实测与估算通量的对比研究,以减少在缺乏实测通量时由于模型选择不当造成的通量误差。 相似文献