关于环境空气质量和谐度的研究与应用

在目前我国城市都在应用空气污染指数来评价空气质量的基础上,提出应用环境空气质量和谐度来评价大、中型城市环境空气质量,详细阐述了环境空气质量和谐度的定义、评价依据、级别划分、评价方法以及定性描述,并对环境空气质量和谐度对城市环境空气质量评价进行了应用。     

沈阳市环境空气污染日特征分析

通过分析2006～2010年空气自动监测的数据,结果表明:沈阳市这5年空气污染日数占全年总天数的9.9％-12.1％,其中,冬季污染日最多,春季次之,秋季和夏季污染日较少.     

Air quality nearby road traffic tunnel portals： BTEX monitoring

A monitoring campaign of BTEX （benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o- m- and p-xylene） was carried out nearby two tunnel portals in the urban area of Naples with the aim to verify air quality in this kind of urban sites. Sampling was carried out using the active adsorption technique. Sampling time was 1 h. Ambient temperature and traffic flow measurements were carried out during each sampling operation. The results indicate that average benzene concentrations at both sites exceed the limit value of 10 μg/Nm^3 established by the European Community （EC） （Dir. 2000/69）. Concentration levels of other BTEX are relatively high as well. A correlation between BTEX concentration and two wheeler vehicle flow was observed.     

Atmospheric isoprene and monoterpenes in a typical urban area of Beijing: Pollution characterization, chemical reactivity and source identification

Continuous observation of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene was carried out in a typical urban area of Beijing from March 2014 to February 2015, using an AirmoV OC online analyzer. Based on the analysis of the ambient level and variation characteristics of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene, the chemical reactivity was studied, and their sources were identified. Results showed that the concentrations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene in the urban area of Beijing were lower than those in richly vegetated areas; the concentrations of isoprene were at a moderate level compared with those of previous studies of Beijing. Concentrations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene showed different seasonal, monthly, daily and diurnal variations, and all of the three species showed higher level at night than those in the daytime as a whole, the variations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene mainly influenced by emission of sources, photochemical reaction, and meteorological parameters. Isoprene was the largest contributor to the total OFP values than α-pinene and β-pinene. α-Pinene was the largest contributor to the total SOAFP values than isoprene and β-pinene in autumn, while isoprene was the largest one in other seasons. Isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene were derived mainly from biological sources; and α-pinene level were also affected by industrial sources. To reduce the concentrations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene, it is necessary to scientifically select urban green plant species, and more strict control measures should be taken to reduce the emission of α-pinene from industrial sources, such as artificial flavors and resins synthesis processes.     

徐州市区环境空气中TVOC污染现状及变化规律

2003年1-12月使用光离子化检测仪，对徐州市环境空气中的TVOC进行检测，监测结果显示：徐州市区环境空气中的TVOC浓度值1月份最高；其次为6月份；年平均值为82μL/m^3；交通干道两旁污染最严重。     

江苏省环境空气质量趋势监测点的优选

介绍了江苏省环境空气监测网络的构成和环境空气质量趋势监测点的优选方法。通过对1993年-2000年全省13个少辖市60个监测点的SO2、TSP监测结果的相关指标统计，分别优选出代表全省及省辖市的环境空气质量趋势监测点12个和25个。     

气相色谱法直接进样测定环境空气中的卤代烃

用100mL玻璃注射器采集气样，直接进入气相色谱仪，卤代烃经HP—101毛细管柱分离、ECD测定。方法检出限为0.007mg／m^3-0．05mg／m^3，相对标准偏差为3．4％-7．6％，加标回收率为94％-106％。     

环境空气质量不同监测方法的对比

在对环境空气质量的监测中，有些城市存在着人工采样实验室测定和连续自动监测系统监测并行的情况。为考察这两种方法监测结果的异同，于夏季连续20d和冬季连续15d进行了对比监测。监测项目为SO2，NO2和PM10。在对比监测中采取了质量控制措施。对人工采样实验室测定进行了综合采样器流量校正，现场空白样和全程序平行样测定；在自动监测系统中，对SO2，NO2监测仪器作零点，标点校正，PM10监测仪作K0校正。对所测得的209个日均值进行了统计分析，结果表明：SO2，PM10两方面测定结果方差相同，NO2两种方法在冬夏两季方差间均有显著性差异；夏季SO2，PM10，冬季NO2两种方法监测结果一致；冬季SO2，PM10，夏季NO2两种方法监测结果有显著性差异；样品浓度水平及天气状况对两种方法测定结果的差异亦产生较大的影响。     

上海浦东新区环境空气质量特点及成因分析

为了解浦东新区建区以来的环境空气质量，浦东新区环境保护监测站对1994年－2001年环境空气中主要污染物监测结果进行了分析：SO2，NOx,TSP的质量浓度和分指数结果相比较，TSP占有最大权重，处于污染主导地位，其主要污染源为工业粉尘，烟尘，机动车排放的尾气，建筑施工及道路交通产生的尘污染。     

Evaluating the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal outdoor falls and road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in China: a time-stratified case-crossover study

● A study assessing the temperature-injury relationship was conducted among students. ● The maximum risks of injury appeared at moderate temperatures. ● The temperature effect on outdoor falls was greater in older students. Although studies have suggested that non-optimal temperatures may increase the risk of injury, epidemiological studies focusing on the association between temperature and non-fatal injury among children and adolescents are limited. Therefore, we investigated the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal falls and road traffic injuries (RTIs) among students across Jiangsu Province, China. Meteorological data and records of non-fatal outdoor injuries due to falls and RTIs among students aged 6–17 were collected during 2018–2020. We performed a time-stratified case-crossover analysis with a distributed lag nonlinear model to examine the effect of ambient temperature on the risk of injury. Individual meteorological exposure was estimated based on the address of the selected school. We also performed stratified analyses by sex, age, and area. A total of 57322 and 5455 cases of falls and RTIs were collected, respectively. We observed inverted U-shaped curves for temperature-injury associations, with maximum risk temperatures at 18 °C (48th of daily mean temperature distribution) for falls and 22 °C (67th of daily mean temperature distribution) for RTIs. The corresponding odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.193 (2.011, 2.391) and 3.038 (1.988, 4.644) for falls and RTIs, respectively. Notably, there was a significant age-dependent trend in which the temperature effect on falls was greater in older students (P-trend < 0.05). This study suggests a significant association between ambient temperature and students’ outdoor falls and RTIs. Our findings may help advance tailored strategies to reduce the incidence of outdoor falls and RTIs in children and adolescents.