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71.
Punning J.-M. Toff T. Tann R. Lukki T. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》1997,2(1):1-17
The study focused on the problem of the response and adaptation of an ecosystem to natural fire in case of greenhouse warming.
The palaeoecological approach was used and reconstructions were made for timeca 6000 years ago, when the human impact in the studied area was absent or very weak and the summer temperatures were about
2.4 degrees higher than at the present time. The palaeoreconstructions were compliled using the charcoal, pollen and diatoms
data from the sediments of a northeast Estonian lake. The results show that forest fires influenced the biota of the lake
mainly through evapotranspiration and the accompanying erosional changes. The impacts of the fire directly to the lake ecosystem
were short-term and the primary diatom association was restored after 10–15 years. The pollen influx was influenced by the
fires mainly through the changes in the openness of the landscape and the composition of the pollen spectra was restored over
a period of 50–60 years. The data demonstrate the high ability of the studied ecosystem to adapt to the impact of natural
fires in the climatic environment comparable with that predicted for the future. 相似文献
72.
Hangjun Zhang Guoying Zhu Xiuying Ji Ying Ding Mi Zhang Qing Gao Ciming Hu Shuying Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(12):1983-1988
The bamboo charcoal adsorbent modified with chitosan can effectively remove microcystin-LR from drinking water. 相似文献
73.
分离到1株吡啶降解菌——脱氮副球菌(Paracoccus denitrificans W12),将其附着生长于颗粒活性竹炭(ABC)制备成生物活性竹炭(BABC),分别以游离菌和固着菌开展对水中吡啶的去除实验.结果表明,0.31g·L-1游离态W12菌可在26.5~48.9h内将48.70~1399mg·L-1的吡啶完全降解;附着于ABC的W12菌不仅保持其降解能力,而且BABC通过吸附与降解的协同作用更高效地去除吡啶,当温度为35℃,BABC投加量为10.0g·L-1时,692.2mg·L-1的吡啶在前3.6h主要通过吸附作用降低52%,其后主要通过生物降解作用至23.7h被基本去除,随着BABC投加量和处理批次的增加,吡啶去除效率显著提高.研究进一步从微观结构上对BABC去除水中吡啶的协同作用机制进行了探讨. 相似文献
74.
75.
研究了pH、吸附时间、竹炭投加量、邻氯酚初始浓度和吸附温度对不同炭化温度(500℃、700℃和900℃)下烧制的竹炭对邻氯酚的吸附特性的影响.结果表明,低pH值有利于3种竹炭对邻氯酚的吸附,其平衡吸附量均随初始浓度和吸附温度增大而增加,相同条件下,吸附量的大小依次为q900℃q500℃q700℃;500℃和700℃炭化温度下烧制的竹炭对邻氯酚的吸附表现出相似的变化规律,吸附时间为13h时基本达到平衡,而900℃炭化温度下烧制的竹炭的吸附则是一个快速吸附过程,30min内即达到吸附平衡;3种竹炭对邻氯酚的吸附皆是一个吸热过程,实验进行的吸附温度下,其吸附量的大小依次为q40℃q25℃q15℃. 相似文献
76.
为解决低浓度污水处理工艺脱氮除磷过程中存在的微生物碳源不足的问题,本文研制了新型填料床-逐级曝气串联反应器.填料床分别采用珊瑚砂、竹炭颗粒、钢渣为填料,在好氧、厌氧兼顾的环境下,实现化学除磷、生物除氮.试验采用模拟生活污水,COD、TN、TP、氨氮的浓度为170—190 mg.L-1、27—30 mg.L-1、8—10 mg.L-1,23—25 mg.L-1.反应器在第27天启动成功,100 d稳定运行结果显示,当HRT为14 h,曝气池DO为3.5 mg.L-1,反应器处理效果良好,出水中COD、TN、TP、氨氮的浓度分别为30.7 mg.L-1、5.59 mg.L-1、1.0 mg.L-1、4.67 mg.L-1,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)中的一级B排放标准.经钢渣填料床处理后的污水,TP浓度降到1 mg.L-1左右,在不排泥的情况下,实现TP的高效去除,同时有效避免了除磷与脱氮过程对碳源的竞争,实现了生物法对水体中富余氮、磷的高效去除. 相似文献
77.
Wood charcoal production provides affordable energy in many developing countries and has substantially contributed to the economy through the provision of rural incomes. In several countries, charcoal production leads to overexploitation of forests due to inefficiencies in processing. This study was undertaken in central Laos to (1) examine and document traditional charcoal production systems; (2) investigate the production capacity, recovery efficiencies and economic gains of existing traditional charcoal production methods; (3) characterize the chemical properties of wood charcoal and investigate the potential for soil restoration and (4) investigate local charcoal producers' perception on forest degradation and their species preferences. Through a socio-economic survey, a cost-based method for economic valuation was undertaken on a range of charcoal production methods currently being used. Laboratory chemical analyses were performed on wood charcoal samples. Results indicated that the traditional mud charcoal mound was used by the majority (82%) of charcoal producers. Total charcoal production per production cycle varied between 400 (produced from 2.7 m3 of wood) and 1600 kg (produced from 18 m3 of wood), with a mean of 938 kg (±120) for traditional mud charcoal mounds. The volume of the traditional mud charcoal mounds correlated positively and significantly with total charcoal production (R 2 = 0.45, p?=?0.03), whereas correlated negatively and significantly with the recovery efficiency (R 2 = 0.58, p?=?0.01). On average, the local producers receive a total net benefit of 457,272 Lao kip (USD 57.2) in 17 days. We also identified a rice husk mound method of charcoal production, which may not encourage further deforestation while producing rice husk biochar that can be used for soil restoration. Furthermore, we found that there are significant differences (p < 0.05) between the sampled wood charcoals in chemical properties, indicating that the potential of using wood charcoal for the restoration of degraded soils varies from charcoal to charcoal. 相似文献
78.
建立了GDX 502管吸附-二氯甲烷解吸-气相色谱测定气中吡啶的方法,考察吸附管类型、解吸溶剂、解吸溶剂体积、采样时间和采样流量对测定结果的影响。结果表明,气中吡啶用GDX 502吸附管以0. 5 L/min的流量采样20 min,二氯甲烷解吸至1 m L,DB-1 (30 m×250μm×0. 25μm)柱分离,空白样品低、中、高3种加标量回收率为90. 8%~108%(n=6),相对标准偏差为2. 9%~4. 4%,方法在0~19. 6 mg/L线性范围内响应良好,相关系数(r)=0. 999 9。当采样体积为10 L时,检出限为0. 01 mg/m~3。该方法重复性好、回收率高、干扰较小,能够满足空气和废气中吡啶分析的要求。 相似文献
79.
ESTROM—a Romanian–Swiss research programme 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hua L Wu W Liu Y McBride MB Chen Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(1):1-9
Background, aim, and scope Composting is an effective treatment process to realize sludge land application. However, nitrogen loss could result in the
reduction of nutrient value of the compost products and the stabilization effect of composting on heavy metal concentration
and mobility in sludge has been shown to be very limited.
Materials and methods Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of bamboo charcoal (BC) on nitrogen conservation
and mobility of Cu and Zn during sludge composting.
Results The result indicated that the incorporation of BC into the sludge composting material could significantly reduce nitrogen
loss. With 9% BC amendment, total nitrogen loss at the end of composting decreased 64.1% compared with no BC amendment (control
treatment). Mobility of Cu and Zn in the sludge may also have been lessened, based on the decline in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic
acid-extractable Cu and Zn contents of composted sludge by 44.4% and 19.3%, respectively, compared to metal extractability
in the original material.
Discussion Ammonia adsorption capability of BC might be the main reason for the retention of nitrogen in sludge composting materials.
Decrease of extractable Cu2+ and Zn2+ in the composting material mainly resulted from the adsorption of both metals by BC.
Conclusions Incorporation of BC into composting material could significantly lessen the total nitrogen loss during sludge composting.
Mobility of heavy metals in the sludge composting material could also be reduced by the addition of BC.
Recommendations and perspectives Bamboo charcoal could be an effective amendment for nitrogen conservation and heavy metal stabilization in sludge composts.
Further research into the effect of BC-amended sludge compost material on soil properties, bioavailability of heavy metals,
and nutrient turnover in soil needs to be carried out prior to the application of BC-sludge compost in agriculture. 相似文献
80.
制备了两种磁性碳基材料——磁性氧化石墨烯(MGO)和磁性竹炭(MBC),并将其用于模拟含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附。采用SEM,BET,FTIR技术对吸附剂进行了表征。表征结果显示:MBC具有与MGO相似的薄片层结构,且MBC的BET比表面积更大(为32.872 6 m2/g),可为Cr(Ⅵ)提供大量的吸附位点。实验结果表明:向100 mL废水中加入20.0 mg吸附剂,在废水pH为1.0、吸附温度为30 ℃、初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度为10.0 mg/L的条件下,MGO和MBC的平衡吸附时间分别为50,70 min,平衡吸附量分别为37.7,49.7 mg/g,吸附平衡时的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率分别为75.4%和99.4%;两种磁性材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附均很好地符合Langmuir等温吸附模型;在酸性介质中,MGO和MBC的表面基团与HCr2O7-和Cr2O72-之间有氢键作用。 相似文献