全文获取类型
收费全文 | 499篇 |
免费 | 78篇 |
国内免费 | 317篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 24篇 |
废物处理 | 6篇 |
环保管理 | 45篇 |
综合类 | 558篇 |
基础理论 | 112篇 |
污染及防治 | 30篇 |
评价与监测 | 57篇 |
社会与环境 | 38篇 |
灾害及防治 | 24篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 55篇 |
2015年 | 60篇 |
2014年 | 49篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 50篇 |
2011年 | 75篇 |
2010年 | 49篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 49篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有894条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
增施磷肥对提高强酸性高硒茶园土壤硒有效性的效果 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过大田试验,研究了增施钙镁磷肥、过磷酸钙及与生物有机肥混施共6种调控措施对强酸性高硒茶园土壤基本化学性质、土壤有效硒和茶叶中硒质量比的调控效果.结果表明,不同磷肥及不同用量处理对土壤有效硒质量比增加均有效果,高用量的3种处理(钙镁磷肥高用量与生物有机肥混施、钙镁磷肥高用量和过磷酸钙高用量)效果好于正常用量的处理(钙镁磷肥正常用量与生物有机肥混施、钙镁磷肥正常用量、过磷酸钙正常用量),且用量相同的情况下,伴有生物有机肥的磷肥处理效果最好.增施磷肥调控均不同程度地增加了茶叶硒质量比,6种处理的增幅均达到极显著水平(p<0.01). 相似文献
192.
Jianhua Wang Yizi Shang Hao Wang Yong Zhao Yin Yin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(3):614-623
Beijing's local water resources have been overexploited and the ecological and environmental pressures exceed the carrying capacity of this densely populated megacity. This article examines the current status of Beijing's water resources with respect to its industrial, residential, and eco‐environmental water usage and the challenges it may face in the near future. The article describes the context of water uses, the steps taken by Beijing to alleviate the water shortage problems, and challenges to Beijing's abilities to meet its urgent and future water needs. A multipronged strategy is proposed that aims at both the present problems and the anticipated future challenges. In particular, engineering and institutional approaches for Beijing's successful transition from overexploitation to sustainable utilization of water resources are explained. Actions include reasonable water utilization, water conservation, reclaimed wastewater, and importing water from neighboring areas. We conclude that Beijing must take additional steps in water resource management to ensure its sustainable development that involves continued urbanization sprawls and population growth. Future water resource management strategies should focus on strengthening water demand management through water conservation, efficient interbasin water transfers, use of nontraditional water resources, strategically reserving water supply, and promoting rehabilitation of the eco‐environments. 相似文献
193.
APEC会议期间北京机动车排放控制效果评估 总被引:10,自引:5,他引:5
机动车尾气排放是影响北京市大气环境质量的首要因素,为了保障APEC期间的空气质量,北京市采取了包括控制机动车排放在内的严格的控制措施.本研究基于路网车流量、车速和车型变化数据,提出了一种基于自下而上排放清单的控制措施效果评估方法.结果表明,APEC会议期间北京市路网车流量下降,车速上升,小客车的车流量下降幅度最大;APEC会议期间机动车尾气CO、NO_x、HC和PM排放削减比例分别为:快速路15.1%、22.4%、18.4%和21.8%,主干道29.9%、36.4%、32.7%和35.8%,次干道35.7%、41.7%、38.4%和41.2%,支路40.8%、46.5%、43.1%和46.0%.基于自下而上的排放清单方法,建立了APEC会前和会期的机动车尾气排放清单,结果显示研究区域内会期机动车尾气排放量CO、NO_x、HC和PM排放量分别削减37.5%、43.4%、39.9%和42.9%. 相似文献
194.
京津冀冬季与夏季PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)及其水溶性离子组分区域性污染特征分析 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
为研究京津冀地区冬、夏两季大气颗粒物质量浓度与水溶性离子组成特征,于2013年2月、7月对北京、天津、石家庄及4个国家大气背景点进行了PM2.5及PM10的采样,分析了质量浓度及9种水溶性离子,结果表明:(1)京津冀地区颗粒物污染冬季重于夏季,冬季污染水平石家庄天津北京,夏季污染天津、北京石家庄,区域内PM2.5与PM10之间有很好的相关性,相关系数r冬季为0.8796,夏季为0.8424,说明整个区域颗粒物污染有较为相近的来源,大气颗粒物污染表现出区域性特征;(2)京津冀地区PM2.5及PM10中的9种水溶性离子浓度规律为NO-3、SO2-4、NH+4Cl-、Ca2+K+、Na+F-、Mg2+.该地区水溶性离子污染冬季最重为石家庄,夏季则为北京;(3)在京津冀地区二次离子NO-3、SO2-4、NH+4是主要的污染离子,3种离子质量浓度总和在PM2.5、PM10中冬季分别占48.9%、27.8%,夏季分别占58.7%、48.5%.二次离子主要集中在PM2.5中,其对细离子浓度的升高起到直接作用,且二次离子的构成关系也在发生变化.整个区域向硝酸型污染转变,二次离子的季节分布也呈现区域特征,冬季NO-3离子质量浓度比重最大.夏季则为SO2-4;(4)粒径越小富集水溶性离子的能力越强,在PM1中分布了50%以上的水溶性离子,73.9%—94.8%的水溶性离子分布在PM2.5中. 相似文献
195.
Particles from ambient air and combustion sources including vehicle emission, coal combustion and biomass burning were collected and chemically pretreated with the purpose of obtaining isolated BC (black carbon) samples. TEM (transmission electron microscopy) results indicate that BC from combustion sources shows various patterns, and airborne BC appears spherical and about 50 nm in diameter with a homogeneous surface and turbostratic structure. The BET (Barrett–Emmett–Teller) results suggest that the surface areas of these BC particles fall in the range of 3–23 m2/g, with a total pore volume of 0.03–0.05 cm3/g and a mean pore diameter of 7–53 nm. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms are indicative of the accumulation mode and uniform pore size. O2-TPO (temperature programmed oxidation) profiles suggest that the airborne BC oxidation could be classified as the oxidation of amorphous carbon, which falls in the range of 406–490°C with peaks at 418, 423 and 475°C, respectively. Generally, the BC characteristics and source analysis suggest that airborne BC most likely comes from diesel vehicle emission at this site. 相似文献
196.
为了解北京城区大气PM2.5主要化学组成特征,于2012年8月─2013年7月对城区石景山、东四和通州3个采样点及城区对照点定陵和区域传输点榆垡开展为期1 a的PM2.5组分研究,共获得268组样品.结果表明:城区平均质量浓度大于1.0μg/m3的组分有OC、NO3-、SO42-、NH4+、EC、Cl-、Si、Ca、Al、K+,其中ρ(OC)、ρ(NO3-)、ρ(SO42-)、ρ(NH4+)分别为(22.2±17.1)、(21.5±25.9)、(19.8±23.7)、(14.3±16.8)μg/m3,分别占ρ(PM2.5)的17.9%、17.3%、15.9%、11.5%,城区各主要组分的平均质量浓度明显大于对照点;城区各采样点之间主要组分所占比例相差不大,与城区对照点、区域传输点差异明显;春、夏、秋、冬四季城区采样点的主要组分均为OC、NO3-、SO42-、NH4+,这4种组分质量浓度之和分别占各季ρ(PM2.5)的62.5%、54.2%、46.0%、62.7%,其中春季ρ(NO3-)、夏季ρ(SO42-)、秋冬季的ρ(OC)相对较高;北京城区各采样点均受SOC影响较大,OC/EC〔ρ(OC)/ρ(EC)〕的平均值为5.7,城区SNA(二次无机气溶胶)占ρ(PM2.5)的比例(15.0%~53.1%)和NO3-/SO42-〔ρ(NO3-)/ρ(SO42-)〕(0.47~1.36)均随空气质量指数上升而增加,同时观测期间北京城区PM2.5中NO3-/SO42-的平均值为1.14,较往年明显增大,表明目前北京城区的PM2.5排放源逐步由以固定源为主向固定源和移动源并重的方向发展. 相似文献
197.
Particle size distribution and characteristics of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments from Beijing Olympic Park 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, heavy metals in road-deposited sediments(RDSs) of parks are emitted into the terrestrial, atmospheric, and water environment, and have a severe impact on residents' and tourists' health. To identify the distribution and characteristic of heavy metals in RDS and to assess the road environmental quality in Chinese parks, samples were collected from Beijing Olympic Park in the present study. The results indicated that particles with small grain size(150 μm) were the dominant fraction. The length of dry period was one of the main factors affecting the particle size distribution, as indicated by the variation of size fraction with the increase of dry days. The amount of heavy metal(i.e., Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) content was the largest in particles with small size(150 μm) among all samples. Specifically, the percentage of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in these particles was 74.7%, 55.5%, 56.6% and 71.3%, respectively.Heavy metals adsorbed in sediments may mainly be contributed by road traffic emissions. The contamination levels of Pb and Cd were higher than Cu and Zn on the basis of the mean heavy metal contents. Specifically, the geoaccumulation index(I geo) decreased in the order:CdPbCuZn. This study analyzed the mobility of heavy metals in sediments using partial sequential extraction with the Tessier procedure. The results revealed that the apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediments, based on the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, decreased in the order: CdZn≈PbCu. 相似文献
198.
Chemical characterization of size-resolved aerosols in four seasons and hazy days in the megacity Beijing of China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kang Sun Xingang Liu Jianwei Gu Yunpeng Li Yu Qu Junling An Jingli Wang Yuanhang Zhang Min Hu Fang Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(6):155-167
Size-resolved aerosol samples were collected by MOUDI in four seasons in 2007 in Beijing. The PM10 and PM1.8mass concentrations were 166.0 ± 120.5 and 91.6 ± 69.7 μg/m~3, respectively,throughout the measurement, with seasonal variation: nearly two times higher in autumn than in summer and spring. Serious fine particle pollution occurred in winter with the PM1.8/PM10 ratio of 0.63, which was higher than other seasons. The size distribution of PM showed obvious seasonal and diurnal variation, with a smaller fine mode peak in spring and in the daytime. OM(organic matter = 1.6 × OC(organic carbon)) and SIA(secondary inorganic aerosol) were major components of fine particles, while OM, SIA and Ca_2+were major components in coarse particles. Moreover, secondary components, mainly SOA(secondary organic aerosol) and SIA,accounted for 46%–96% of each size bin in fine particles, which meant that secondary pollution existed all year. Sulfates and nitrates, primarily in the form of(NH_4)_2SO_4, NH_4NO_3, Ca SO_4, Na_2SO_4 and K_2SO_4, calculated by the model ISORROPIA II, were major components of the solid phase in fine particles. The PM concentration and size distribution were similar in the four seasons on non-haze days, while large differences occurred on haze days, which indicated seasonal variation of PM concentration and size distribution were dominated by haze days. The SIA concentrations and fractions of nearly all size bins were higher on haze days than on non-haze days, which was attributed to heterogeneous aqueous reactions on haze days in the four seasons. 相似文献
199.
200.