天然沸石去除氨氮研究

研究了生物膜、悬浮物对天然沸石去除氨氮的影响及其沸石去除氨氮的主要途径。结果表明，沸石去除氨氮主要是离子交换作用，吸附很小，可忽略不计；由于生物膜对氨氮的同化作用，使得有生物膜的沸石对氨氮的交换容量高于无生物膜，其等温交换曲线换符合Freundlich吸附等温式：y/m=KC^l/n；沸石的吸附容量随着悬浮物浓度增高而降低，2者呈负指数关系；悬浮物对沸石离子交换的影响主要在孔扩散控制阶段，在膜扩散控制阶段影响较小；如果停留时间较短（少于3h)，悬浮物对沸石离子交换的影响不大。     

反硝化生物滤池的挂膜与启动

研究了反硝化生物滤池的挂膜与启动过程,为反硝化生物滤池的挂膜过程提供理论依据。在滤速1．2ngh（HRT=20min）时,当反硝化生物滤池运行到第25天时,进水硝态氮质量浓度由50mg／L左右下降到25mg／L左右时,硝态氮去除负荷由1．18kg／（m^3·d）下降到1．10kg／（m^3·d）,负荷变化很小,说明挂膜成功。在反硝化生物滤池中,氨氮主要由反硝化细菌的合成作用去除,去除率不高。在碳源和硝态氮浓度都充足的情况下,反硝化反应遵循零级反应动力学规律,反硝化速率与污染物浓度无关,只与反硝化菌的数量有关。     

Enhanced nitrification in integrated floating fixed-film activated sludge (IFFAS) system using novel clinoptilolite composite carrier

Novel carriers with favorable electrophilicity and hydrophilicity were prepared. Novel carriers had the capability of nitrification-enhancing. NH₄⁺-N removal efficiency of IFFAS process rose up to 20% with novel carriers. Nitrosomonadales and Nitrospirales were identified as the functional nitrifiers. The population of Nitrospirales increased by 4.51%. The integrated floating fixed-film activated sludge (IFFAS) process is an ideal preference for nitrification attributing to the longer sludge age for nitrifiers. However, as the core of this process, conventional carriers made of polymer materials usually exhibit negative charge and hydrophobicity on the surface, which is unbeneficial to nitrifying biofilm formation. In this study, novel clinoptilolite composite carriers with favorable hydrophilicity, positive charge and nitrification-enhancing capability were made and implemented in IFFAS system. In comparison with conventional carriers, the novel clinoptilolite composite carriers displayed positive charges on the surface (11.7±1.1 mV, pH 7.0) with increased hydrophilicity (surface contact angle dropped to 76.7°). The novel-carriers-based reactors achieved significantly better NH₄⁺-N removal efficiency at different influent concentrations, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and shock loads (NH₄⁺-N removal efficiency rose up to 20% comparing with the control reactors filled with polyethylene (PE) carriers or activated sludge). High-throughput sequencing (HTS) results indicated the novel clinoptilolite composite carriers provided favorable niche for more types of bacteria, especially for Nitrosomonadales and Nitrospirales (the functional nitrifiers in the system). The population of Nitrospirales increased by 4.51% by using novel clinoptilolite composite carriers comparing with using PE carriers, which ensured enhanced nitrification process. This study was expected to provide a practical option for enhancing wastewater nitrification performance with the novel clinoptilolite composite carrier.     

Modelling anaerobic biofilm reactors--a review

Anaerobic treatment has become a technically as well as economically feasible option for treatment of liquid effluents after the development of reactors such as the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, anaerobic biofilter and anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). Considerable effort has gone into developing mathematical models for these reactors in order to optimize their design, design the process control systems used in their operation and enhance their operational efficiency. This article presents a critical review of the different mathematical models available for these reactors. The unified anaerobic digestion model (ADM1) and its application to anaerobic biofilm reactors are also outlined.     

A new strategy for obtaining highly concentrated phosphorus recovery solution in biofilm phosphorus recovery process

Recovery of phosphorus（P） from wastewater is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of P resources. At present, the P recovery process is faced with the problem of excessive organic carbon consumption when obtaining a P-concentrated recovery solution. This study proposed a new strategy to obtain a more highly concentrated P recovery solution with minimal carbon consumption by strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm. A biofilm sequencing batch reactor（BSBR） process was mod...     

Monitoring of Biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila on Different Substrata in Model Cooling Tower System

Cooling towers have the potential to develop infectious concentrations of Legionella pneumophila. Legionella counts increases where biofilm and warm water temperatures are present. In this study, biofilm associated L. pneumophila and heterotrophic bacteria were compared in terms of material dependence. Model cooling tower system was experimentally infected by L. pneumophila standard strain and monthly monitored. Different materials were tested for a period of 180 days. The lowest L. pneumophila and heterotrophic plate counts were measured on plastic polymers, whereas L. pneumophila and heterotrophic bacteria were accumulated rapidly on galvanized steel surfaces. It can be concluded that selection of plastic polymers, as a manufacturing material, are suitable for recirculating water systems.     

白腐真菌生物膜反应器处理染料生产废水实验研究

研究了使用3种白腐真菌生物膜反应器处理染料生产废水．探讨了脱色．pH．COD去除与运行方式．反应器型式等因素之间的关系。结果表明．⑴间歇式运行中．3种反应器对染料生产废水的主要脱色作用都发生在24h内．脱色速度．最终脱色率和抗杂菌污染的能力均以组合填料生物接触氧化反应器最强．COD去除率却以生物转盘反应器最高。(2)连接式运行中．白腐真菌组合填料生物接触氧化反应器对染料废水的脱色效果．pH变化均与间歇式运行十分相似．最高脱色率达到99％左右．出水pH平均为3．6．但COD的去除率不高．且波动较大。将光合细菌以及活性污泥生物接触氧化反应器串接到白腐真菌生物膜反应器后显著提高了COD去除率．但出水色度并没有继续降低。     

如何测量生物膜内的氧浓度变化曲线

生物膜反应器用于废水处理厂处理城市污水，能高效地去除水中的营养物质。我国利用生物技术处理废水已经开展多年。但对生物膜的研究仍处于初级。本文介绍了新型的测氧微传感器（其测量尖部仅为２μｍ）在生物膜内进行测量的系统，设备有方法。     

受污染原水的弹性填料生物接触氧化处理挂膜试验研究

试验研究了水温、曝气强度和气水比等因素对YDT生物接触氧化池挂膜的影响。结果表明：生物接触氧化池挂膜受水温影响很大，水温越高，挂膜时间就越短，水温低于15℃自然挂膜难以成功。在挂膜期间，采用较小的曝气强度和气水比可缩短生物膜的成熟时间。对判断生物膜是否成熟的指示性参数－氨氮去除率和CODMn去除率进行了比较，认为用氨氮去除率作为判断生物膜成熟的批示性参数较适合。     

用于流化床反应器的生物膜载体的比较研究

分别采用活性炭、橡胶和轻质陶粒作为生物膜载体,用流化床生物反应器进行废水处理的实验,比较3种载体材料的挂膜特性、耐磨性,并比较了对废水COD和NH3-N的去除效果。从实验中发现,活性炭具有吸附力强、比重小、挂膜时间比较短等特点,但耐磨性较差;橡胶载体具有比重较小,动力消耗较小的特点,但生物膜挂膜时间较长;陶粒比重适中,较其它两者偏大,挂膜时间最短,耐磨性能比活性炭要好,具有较强的实用价值和很大的研究潜力。