金属掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜的制备和抗菌性能研究

采用sol—gel法在载玻片表面制备了Ce,Cu,i．a,Ag掺杂的锐铁矿相TiO2薄膜,并通过SEM,XRD．FT—IR及UVVIS进行了表征,比较了薄膜的抗菌性能．UV—VIS研究表明,金属掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜在近紫外区吸光度有明显提高。抗菌实验表明掺Ag的TiO2薄膜抗菌效果最佳。     

TiO2薄膜光催化体系中羟基自由基的水杨酸分子探针法测定

以水杨酸为分子探针物,以分光光度法测定了纳米TiO2薄膜光催化体系中产生的羟基自由基(·OH).结果表明,水杨酸的自然氧化程度较低,可以作为分子探针测定·OH的产生;实验中最佳的光照时间为60min;水杨酸浓度对·OH的测定影响较大,其最佳值为50 mg·L-1;pH值对·OH的测定影响较大,最佳值为6;最佳实验条件下,分析得到·OH的稳态浓度为1.68×10-14 mol·L-1.     

纳米硫化镉量子点细胞毒性作用机制

为初步探讨硫化镉量子点(CdS QDs)的细胞毒性作用机制,采用MTT毒性实验比较了CdS QDs和常规CdS对仓鼠肺细胞(CHL)的毒性效应以及细胞内外活性氧水平.结果表明,1)在较低暴露浓度(≤20μg·mL-1)时,CdS QDs细胞毒性显著高于常规CdS,而在较高暴露浓度(>20μg·mL-1)时,两者相差不大.2)在较低暴露浓度(≤40μg·mL-1)时,添加N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)可显著降低CdS QDs的细胞毒性,而在较高暴露浓度(>40μg·mL-1)时,添加NAC对CdS QDs的细胞毒性没有明显影响.添加NAC对常规CdS细胞毒性没有显著影响.综合实验结果推测CdS QDs的细胞毒性与暴露剂量有关:在低浓度(<20μg·mL-1)时,主要是活性氧的氧化损伤作用;在中等浓度(20~40μg·mL-1)时,活性氧和Cd2+的释放共同作用;在高浓度(>40μg·mL-1)时,则是Cd2+的释放占主导地位.     

水体中常见无机阴离子对TiO_2薄膜光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

选择了5种水体中常见的阴离子(Cl~-,SO_4~(2-),HCO_3~-,NO_3~-以及HPO_4~(2-)/H_2P_4~-),分别考察了其对TiO_2薄膜光催化还原模拟Cr(Ⅵ)废水的影响.从上述离子的光吸收,对·OH的捕获作用以及与Cr(Ⅵ)的竞争吸附三个方面讨论了上述离子影响TiO_2薄膜光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)速率的原因.结果表明,体系酸性越强,越有利于Cr(Ⅵ)的还原;在pH值约为6时,HCO_3~-,Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)对TiO_2薄膜光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)具有促进作用,NO_3~-具有抑制作用,H_2PO_4~-/HPO_4~(2-)在低浓度时具有促进作用,而在高浓度时具有抑制作用.造成上述结果的主要原因是Cl~-,SO_4~(2-)和HCO_3~-具有较强的·OH捕获作用和在TiO_2表面较低的吸附能力;H_2PO_4~-/HPO_4~(2-)在TiO_2表面具有较强的吸附能力;NO_3~-对紫外光吸收作用降低了TiO_2表面的紫外光强度以及自身光化学反应产生了·OH.     

光纤ZnO薄膜的制备及光催化性能研究

实验利用射频磁控溅射镀膜工艺,分别在光纤和石英玻璃上成功制备了ZnO薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和荧光分光光度计对薄膜进行了测试分析,并对其光催化降解苯酚的性能进行了对比测试。结果表明,该薄膜具有良好的C轴取向性,光致发光峰分别位于362nm、421nm和486nm附近,且随着薄膜样品晶粒的减小而出现蓝移,光纤上ZnO薄膜的光催化能力是以石英玻璃为基底的ZnO薄膜的193倍,光催化效果显著。     

Diffusive gradients in thin films using molecularly imprinted polymer binding gels for in situ measurements of antibiotics in urban wastewaters

• Selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) binding gel was prepared. • MIP-DGT showed excellent uptake performance for antibiotics. • In situ measurement of antibiotics in wastewaters via MIP-DGT was developed. • The MIP-DGT method was robust, reliable, and highly sensitive. Urban wastewater is one of main sources for the introduction of antibiotics into the environment. Monitoring the concentrations of antibiotics in wastewater is necessary for estimating the amount of antibiotics discharged into the environment through urban wastewater treatment systems. In this study, we report a novel diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) method based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for in situ measurement of two typical antibiotics, fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) in urban wastewater. MIPs show specific adsorption toward their templates and their structural analogs, resulting in the selective uptake of the two target antibiotics during MIP-DGT deployment. The uptake performance of the MIP-DGTs was evaluated in the laboratory and was relatively independent of solution pH (4.0–9.0), ionic strength (1–750 mmol/L), and dissolved organic matter (DOM, 0–20 mg/L). MIP-DGT samplers were tested in the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant for field trials, where three SA (sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, and trimethoprim) and one FQ (ofloxacin) antibiotics were detected, with concentrations ranging from 25.50 to 117.58 ng/L, which are consistent with the results measured by grab sampling. The total removal efficiency of the antibiotics was 80.1% by the treatment plant. This study demonstrates that MIP-DGT is an effective tool for in situ monitoring of trace antibiotics in complex urban wastewaters.     

水体中常见无机阳离子对TiO2薄膜光催化还原Cr（Ⅵ）的影响

选择了6种水体中常见的阳离子（Na^＋、Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋、Al^3＋、Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋）,分别考查了其对TiO2薄膜光催化还原Cr（Ⅵ）的影响;从光吸收、无机离子本身的性质对光生电子的捕获及传递等讨论了上述离子影响TiO2薄膜光催化还原Cr（Ⅵ）的反应速率的原因。结果表明：由于其不能捕获光生电子,Na^＋、Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋本身对TiO2薄膜光催化还原Cr（Ⅵ）的反应速率影响不大;Al^3＋吸引电子能力较强,成为光生电子和Cr（Ⅵ）之间的桥梁,促进了Cr（Ⅵ）的还原;浓度为1 mmmol/L时,Cu^2＋显著地促进了Cr（Ⅵ）的光催化还原,其主要原因是Cu^2＋捕获光生电子的能力很强,起到了催化剂的作用,而浓度大于10 mmol/L时,Cu^2＋形成单质Cu以及对紫外光的吸收都使促进作用降低;Ni^2＋未充满的d轨道具有获得并传递光生电子的能力,也促进了Cr（Ⅵ）的还原;在浓度同为1mmol/L时,对Cr（Ⅵ）光催化还原的促进作用依次为：Cu^2＋〉Al^3＋〉Ni^2＋〉Na^＋、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋。     

Modeling urban films using a dynamic multimedia fugacity model

A thin film coats impervious urban surfaces that can act as a source or sink of organic pollutants to the greater environment. We review recent developments in the understanding of film and film-associated pollutant behavior and incorporate them into an unsteady-state version of the fugacity based Multimedia Urban Model (MUM), focusing on detailed considerations of surface film dynamics. The model is used to explore the conditions under which these atmospherically-derived films act as a temporary source of chemicals to the air and/or storm water. Assuming film growth of 2.1 nm d⁻¹ (Wu et al., 2008a), PCB congeners 28 and 180 reach air-film equilibrium within hours and days, respectively. The model results suggest that the film acts as a temporary sink of chemicals from air during dry and cool weather, as a source to air in warmer weather, and as a source to storm water and soil during rain events. Using the downtown area of the City of Toronto Canada, as a case study, the model estimates that nearly 1 g d⁻¹ of ∑₅PCBs are transferred from air to film to storm water.     

薄膜扩散梯度技术在重金属生物有效态监测中的应用

重金属生物有效性是评估重金属元素迁移性、生物可利用性和生态影响的关键参数。薄膜扩散梯度技术(DGT)是一种原位被动采样技术,因其具有原位富集性、形态选择性,可提供被监测物质在监测时间段内的平均浓度等优点,可作为生物对重金属摄取的模拟替代物对环境介质中重金属的生物可利用度进行预测,已被广泛应用于环境介质中重金属生物有效性的测定。研究主要介绍了DGT技术的原理、组成和特点,评述了其近年来在水体、土壤、沉积物中重金属生物有效态应用方面的新进展,提出了DGT技术未来要提高抗生物污染能力及寻找可与DGT技术联用的相关技术的观点。     

聚苯乙烯/CdS/TiO_2双壳层核壳纳米颗粒可见光催化降解甲基橙

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在聚苯乙烯(PS)/CdS核壳纳米颗粒表面包覆致密TiO_2层,制备出具有双壳层结构的PS/CdS/TiO_2纳米复合颗粒,考察了制备条件对材料结构的影响,并利用甲基橙溶液对其光催化性能进行了评价。SEM、TEM、XRD和FTIR分析结果表明,制得的微球单分散性良好,壳层包覆完整,厚度均匀。PS/CdS/TiO_2制备的适宜反应时间为12~18 h,适宜反应pH为7~9。PS/CdS/TiO_2较PS/CdS具有更为优异的可见光催化性能。