峡东地区奥陶系庙坡组地球化学异常与海平面变化研究

通过对峡东地区陈家河剖面奥陶系庙坡组笔石动物群及稀土元素地球化学、有机碳同位素异常和Ce异常的研究 ,讨论了庙坡组沉积时期的海平面变化及相应的层序地层的划分 ,整个庙坡组可以划分为一个三级层序 ,其海侵域相当于H .teretiusculus带的沉积 ,当海平面达到最大海泛面附近时的凝缩沉积及其后的高位域则与N .gracilis带的沉积相当。并认为这一时期笔石的生态差异主要受温度的控制而非地理阻隔的影响。     

New insight into scale inhibition during tea brewing: Ca2+/Mg2+ complexing and alkalinity consumption

Scale not only affects the taste and color of water, but also increases the risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases associated with drinking it. As a popular beverage, tea is rich many substances that have considerable potential for scale inhibition, including protein, tea polyphenols and organic acids. In this study, the effect of tea brewing on scale formation was explored. It was found that the proteins, catechins and organic acids in tea leaves could be released when the green tea was brewed in water with sufficient hardness and alkalinity. The tea-released protein was able to provide carboxyl groups to chelate with calcium ions (Ca²⁺), preventing the Ca²⁺ from reacting with the carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻). The B rings of catechins were another important structure in the complexation of Ca²⁺ and magnesium ions (Mg²⁺). The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the organic acids was able to form five-membered chelating rings with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, resulting in a significant decrease in Ca²⁺ from 100.0 to 60.0 mg/L. Additionally, the hydrogen ions (H⁺) provided by the organic acids consumed and decreased the alkalinity of the water from 250.0 to 131.4 mg/L, leading to a remarkable reduction in pH from 8.93 to 7.73. It further prevented the bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) from producing CO₃²⁻ when the water was heated. The reaction of the tea constituents with the hardness and alkalinity inhibited the formation of scale, leading to a significant decrease in turbidity from 10.6 to 1.4 NTU. Overall, this study provides information to help build towards an understanding of the scale inhibition properties of tea and the prospects of tea for anti-scaling in industrial applications.     

前后对比分析法在战略环境评价中应用初探

分析战略环境评价基本内涵，提出战略环境评价实施框架，并重点分析了评价战略筛选与评价者确定、战略分析、战略环境影响识另与建立评价指标体系、战略环境影响预测与综合评价以及制定战略环境影响减缓措施等关键问题；初步研究了战略环境评价方法，重点研究前后对比 政策评价方法类型、特点及其在战略环境评价中的应用。最后以长春经济技术开发区战略为例进行实证分析。     

汽车尾气中的铅对茶园污染的研究

通过对位于交通干线两侧某茶园土壤及茶叶中铅含量的调查与分析，得出汽车尾气中的铅对茶园污染有较强的时空分布规律，提出了改善和提高茶叶品质的对策与建议。     

环境规划中植物的景观功能及其应用

本文在探讨植物的景观特点及其建造功能和观赏功能等基础上，提出了环境规划中景观规划的基本原则。结合岳阳市南湖旅游度假区的实际情况，应用景观规划的基本原则，研究了该旅游度假区的面上绿化规划和景区景点绿化规划。     

红色旅游意向市场测算研究——以长沙市居民为例

近年来,红色旅游市场十分火爆,对红色旅游意向市场的研究日渐引起关注．意向市场即指潜在市场．文章通过建立测算意向市场的指标体系,运用意向率来表现长沙市居民对韶山红色旅游的意向高低,旨在为韶山红色旅游市场开发战略的制定提供科学依据．表2,参7．     

战略环境评价中的战略缺陷分析

战略环境评价的目的是消除或降低因战略缺陷造成的环境影响,从战略决策源头控制环境问题的产生。战略缺陷将通过市场结构,企业行为改变而产生环境影响,是导致环境问题的根源。战略缺陷分析是战略环境评价的重点内容,是制定战略环境影响控制,减缓措施或战略替代方案的主要依据。分析了战略缺陷的两种类型：社会经济发展战略未充分考虑其环境影响以及环境与资源战略不符合社会经济实际。重点研究了导致战略缺陷产生的原因,即内部性,决策失误,低效率,权力分配不均及政府寻租行为。提出从战略内略内容失识,战略执行失真和战略组织失效3个维度进行战略缺陷分析的方法,最后结合长春经济技术开发区战略进行实例研究,发现该战略缺陷表现在环境与社会经济发展战略不对称,投资导向政策考虑当地资源及国家有关政策不充分,产业布局规划与开发建设行动不一致以及土地利用优惠政策导致的效率偏低4个方面,其造成了一定的社会的经济及环境影响。     

Morphological and chemical characteristics of atmospheric particles in the Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley (Mexico)

Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy has been used for both morphological and elemental chemistry analyses of atmospheric particles. This technique allows the in situ observation of individual aerosol particles in the sample chamber. Aerotransported particles were analysed from seven monitoring stations located in the Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley (MZTV). Several different morphologies were identified: aggregates, porous spheres, rough and smooth compact material. The elemental composition included C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Mn, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Ce. These are semiquantitative analyses considering the bulk sample or individual particles. It was possible to correlate or confirm some chemical associations such as C–S, Ca–S–O and Si–Al–O, probably due to the presence of compounds derived from incomplete combustion, building tailing materials and aluminosilicates of cortical origin. Bioaerosols such as pollen, spores, brochosomes and diatoms were identified in the zone; all these types of particles have a natural origin too. Several types of suspended particles were identified in the MZTV, they were from different sources (natural and anthropogenic) to which the population can be potentially exposed, and may cause harm in the short- and long-term, according to their chemical element composition and size.     

长沙近地面水汽中稳定同位素的监测与分析

根据长沙地区于2014年11月12日~2015年4月13日监测的大气水汽中δ18O和δ2H及观测的气象要素,分析了长沙近地面水汽中δ18O和δ2H变化特征以及与温度、绝对湿度、降水量的关系.结果表明:1长沙大气水汽中δ18O和δ2H季节变化显著,在冬季表现为高值.冬季大气水汽中δ18O和δ2H与绝对湿度存在正相关关系.δ18O和δ2H在监测期间存在较大波动,尤其是有降水事件发生时.降水事件对长沙大气水汽中δ18O和δ2H的变化影响显著,水汽稳定同位素的低值与降水事件有关.2不同天气条件下长沙大气水汽中δ18O和δ2H的日变化实质上与绝对湿度有关,而绝对湿度的大小又主要受控于局地的蒸散发和大气湍流的强度.单次降水过程中大气水汽δ18O和δ2H存在显著的类似于降水中稳定同位素的"降雨量效应".3长沙大气水汽中δ18O和δ2H总是低于降水中δ18O和δ2H,逐日变化基本一致,它们之间的平均差值分别为8.6‰和66.82‰.4长沙冬半年大气水汽线方程为δ2H=7.18δ18O+10.58,水汽线的斜率和截距总是小于同时段大气水线的斜率和截距,春季水汽线的斜率和截距明显高于冬季水汽线的斜率和截距.     

湘中红壤丘陵区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响——以长沙市为例

以长沙市为例,研究了湘中红壤丘陵区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响.同时,参照相关研究成果制定了长沙市生态系统服务价值系数表,计算并研究了长沙市生态系统服务价值的变化.结果表明:研究期内,研究区林地、草地、湿地和未利用地面积减少,林地面积减少最多.耕地、水域和建设用地面积增加,耕地增加最多;研究区生态系统服务价值下降了1483.14×106元,年变化率为-0.41%,建设用地快速扩张,价值系数较高的林地面积大幅减少是造成这一结果的主要原因;敏感性指数分析表明,生态系统服务价值对所制定的价值系数缺乏弹性,研究结果可信.湘中红壤丘陵区生态系统相对脆弱,在调整该区土地利用结构时应充分考虑土地利用的生态效益,以减缓生态系统服务价值的下降趋势.