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271.
水体环境内毒素活性的鲎法定量检测及影响因素研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
内毒素是革兰氏阴性菌和某些蓝藻细胞壁上的脂多糖复合物,是常见的外源性致热原,具有强免疫刺激能力,与人类多种疾病密切相关.本研究采用最低检测限为0.03 EU.mL-1的动态浊度东方鲎(Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate,TAL)试剂,对不同水体环境样品的内毒素活性定量检测,分析了pH值和无机盐对TAL试验检测结果的影响.结果表明pH值在6.0~8.4范围内适合进行内毒素检测,过酸条件引起检测结果的抑制,过碱条件引起检测结果的增强,检测前可用无热原Tris-HCl(pH=7.4)溶液调节pH.当NaCl、Na2SO4、CaCl2、MgCl2和KCl浓度小于50 mg.L-1时不会干扰内毒素的检测,当浓度升高至1 000~10 000 mg.L-1时引起抑制效果.浓度为2.5 mg.L-1的FeCl3、Fe2(SO4)3、AlCl3和Al2(SO4)3即可以引起强烈抑制效果,内毒素活性的实测值已经严重偏离实际值.采用动态浊度TAL试验检测超纯水、自来水和景观用水的内毒素活性,结果表明所检测的超纯水的内毒素活性<0.06 EU.mL-1,自来水的内毒素活性为0.46 EU.mL-1,景观用水的内毒素活性为432.68EU·mL-1. 相似文献
272.
Determination of estrogens and estrogenic activities in water from three rivers in Tianjin, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Studies on estrogenic disrupting compounds(EDCs) occurrence and identification of main responsible compounds in river water discharged into the sea are of significance.In the present research,we screened estrogenic activities of 10 river water samples from 3 main rivers discharged into Bohai Sea in Tianjin using a recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay and chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.All sample extracts induced significant estrogenic activity,with 17β-estradiol equivalents(EEQ) of raw water ranging from 5.72 to 59.06 ng/L.Six most concerned EDCs in the river water samples including estrone,17β-estradiol,17α-ethinylestradiol,estriol,diethylstilbestrol and estradiol valerate were determined,with their concentrations up to 50.70,31.40,24.40,37.20,2.56,and 8.47 ng/L,respectively.Through causality analysis by comparing the EEQ values of yeast assay and chemical analysis,17α-ethinylestradiol and 17β-estradiol were identified as the main contributors to the estrogenic effects of the river samples,accounting for the whole estrogenic activities(62.99% to 185.66%),and estrogen antagonistic compounds might presented in the heavy polluted water samples.The proposed approach using both chemical analysis and bioassay could be used for identification and evaluation of the estrogenic activity of EDCs in river water. 相似文献
273.
The objective of this study was to understand toxicity of mixture of nanoparticles (NPs) (ZnO and TiO2) and their ions to Escherichia coli. Results indicated the decrease in percentage growth of E. coli with the increase in concentration of NPs both in single and mixture setups. Even a small concentration of 1 mg/L was observed to be significantly toxic to E. coli in binary mixture setup (exposure concentration: 1 mg/L ZnO and 1 mg/L TiO2; 21.15% decrease in plate count concentration with respect to control). Exposure of E. coli to mixture of NPs at 1000 mg/L (i.e., 1000 mg/L ZnO and 1000 mg/L TiO2) resulted in 99.63% decrease in plate count concentration with respect to control. Toxic effects of ions to E. coli were found to be lesser than their corresponding NPs. The percentage growth reduction was found to be 36% for binary mixture of zinc and titanium ions at the highest concentration (i.e., 803.0 mg/L Zn and 593.3 mg/L Ti where ion concentrations are equal to the Zn ions present in 1000 mg/L ZnO NP solution and Ti+ 4 ions present in 1000 mg/L TiO2 NP solution). Nature of mixture toxicity of the two NPs to E. coli was found to be antagonistic. The alkaline phosphatase (Alp) assay indicated that the maximum damage was observed when E. coli was exposed to 1000 mg/L of mixture of NPs. This study tries to fill the knowledge gap on information of toxicity of mixture of NPs to bacteria which has not been reported earlier. 相似文献
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276.
三类氧化硅的形态分布及其转化特性 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
本文对以硅酸钠与工业水玻璃为原料酸化制备三类氧化硅(Silica A,B,C)作了较为详细的探讨。应用逐时络合比色与光子相关光谱(PCS)等形态表征方法,对制备过程中的诸多影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,在0.02—0.4mol·1~(-1)范围内浓度对形态分布无甚影响,而滴定速率与熟化时间对形态分布有较大影响。所得Silica A,B,C样品中其主要形态所对应的分别是Si_a,Si_b,与小颗粒态Si_c,大颗粒态Si_c。 相似文献
277.
A child was tentatively diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis, based on neonatal presentation with severe gastrointestinal complications; the diagnosis was not confirmed biochemically and no tissues were available for DNA analysis. The mother presented in her subsequent pregnancy, and microvillar enzyme analysis of cell-free amniotic fluid at both 18 and 20 weeks gestation gave equivocal results. The pregnancy was terminated voluntarily because of a trend towards abnormal enzyme assay results on the second amniocentesis. Retrospectively, fetal tissues were found to be homozygous for the most common mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene (AF508), which confirmed the prenatal assessment and suggested that the first infant of the couple was probably also affected by the disease. 相似文献
278.
D型滤池在成都沙河污水处理厂深度处理中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
成都沙河污水处理厂二沉池出水进行深度处理的过滤单元采用德安公司研制开发的D型滤池.其核心技术是采用DA863彗星式纤维滤料作为内部填料,该填料具有过滤精度高、滤速快、自适应等特点,可进行直接过滤.对D型滤池内部结构、功能和运行工艺参数等作了较为详细的介绍.通过实际运行,D型滤池的出水SS小于10 mg/L,达到了设计要求. 相似文献
279.
为了探讨低浓度SO2长期暴露对哺乳动物肺细胞DNA的影响,采用动式吸入法(SO2浓度为28mg/m3)对Wistar大鼠染毒30d,运用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(彗星试验)研究了SO2亚慢性染毒对大鼠肺细胞DNA的损伤作用.结果表明,SO2可引起雌、雄性大鼠肺细胞核DNA迁移长度显著增加(P<0.01),且SO2对雄性小鼠肺细胞DNA损伤比雌性小鼠严重;经染毒后,与对照组相比,大鼠的体重减轻,肺体比增加.这些结果表明,较低浓度的SO2也具有引起哺乳动物肺细胞DNA突变的潜在危险.表3参15 相似文献
280.
苯并[a]芘和菲对缢蛏血细胞DNA损伤的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究苯并[a]芘和菲对缢蛏的毒性效应,将缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)分别暴露于浓度为0.45 mg·L-1、0.15 mg·L-1、0.05 mg·L-1苯并[a]芘溶液和0.45 mg·L-1、0.15 mg·L-1、0.05 mg·L-1菲的溶液中,采用单细胞凝胶电泳实验(彗星实验)技术检测不同暴露时间缢蛏血淋巴细胞的DNA损伤程度,对照组为清洁海水。结果显示,高浓度(0.45 mg·L-1)苯并[a]芘溶液和(0.45 mg·L-1)菲溶液在短期(7 d)内即可导致缢蛏血细胞显著的DNA损伤,并且随苯并芘[a]和菲浓度的增大和暴露时间的延长,DNA损伤程度增加。21 d恢复实验后,各浓度组DNA损伤又均有不同程度的恢复,但中高浓度组(0.45 mg·L-1和0.15 mg·L-1)与对照组仍显著性差异。两种多环芳烃物质对缢蛏血细胞的DNA损伤作用均存在较显著时间-剂量-效应关系。其中,苯并芘[a]对缢蛏血细胞的DNA损伤作用要高于菲。 相似文献