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101.
The potential of cost-effective coconut husk for the removal of toxic metal ions for environmental protection 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) husk, an agricultural waste, has been thoroughly investigated for the removal of toxic Cd(II), Cr(III) and Hg(II) ions from aqueous media. The parameters like nature and composition of electrolyte, concentration of toxic ions, dosage of coconut husk, and equilibration time between the two phases were optimized for their maximum accumulation onto the solid surface. The effect of common ions on the uptake of metal ions has been monitored under optimal conditions. The variation of retention of each metal ion with temperature was used to compute the thermodynamic quantities DeltaH, DeltaS and DeltaG. The values 18.1+/-0.6 kJmol(-1), 74+/-2 Jmol(-1)K(-1), and -3.8+/-0.04 kJmol(-1) at 298 K; 10.8+/-0.8 kJmol(-1), 48.8+/-2.7 Jmol(-1)K(-1), and -4.6+/-0.3 kJmol(-1) at 298 K; and -37.4+/-2k Jmol(-1), 105+/-7 Jmol(-1)K(-1) and -2.58+/-0.5 kJmol(-1) at 298 K were obtained for Cd(II), Cr(III) and Hg(II) ions, respectively. The sorption data were analysed by applying different sorption isotherms. The sorption capacity and energy were evaluated for each metal ion. The values of the Freundlich constants 1/n and C(m) were 0.92+/-0.04 and 52.6+/-22.2 mmolg(-1); 0.85+/-0.05 and 56.0+/-0.03 mmolg(-1); and 0.88+/-0.03 and 6.84+/-0.45 mmolg(-1) for Cd(II) Cr(III) and Hg(II) ions, respectively. Similarly, the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) constants beta, X(m,) and E were evaluated for the three metal ions. To check the selectivity of the sorbent, sorption of a number of elements was measured under similar conditions. Separation of Zn(II) from Cd(II); Cr(III) from I(I), Zr(IV), Se(IV), and Hg(II) from Se(IV) and Zn(II) can be achieved using this sorbent. This cheap material has potential applications in analytical chemistry, water decontamination, industrial effluent treatment and in pollution abatement. 相似文献
102.
103.
Randy L. Genereux Lawrence M. Ward James A. Russell 《Journal of environmental psychology》1983,3(1):43-55
How do people think about the physical setting in the world around them? Part of the answer to this question may be in terms of the behaviors that occur there. To explore people's knowledge of behavior—place associations, twenty places (shown via color photographs) were assessed in five ways: (a) ratings of the place's suitability for each of eleven behaviors, (b) ratings of the expected frequency of occurrence of the eleven behaviors, (c) free listings of reasons for going to each place, (d) free listings of activities-while-there and (e) free listings of activities associated with the place. Results showed that people can distinguish places on the basis of behaviors, that the behavioral component of place meaning is composed of distinct aspects, and that knowledge of behavior is related to a global, overall representation of a place. 相似文献
104.
Alvim-Ferraz MC Sousa SI Pereira MC Martins FG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,140(3):516-524
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic pollutants to the increase of tropospheric ozone levels in the Oporto Metropolitan Area (Portugal) since the 19th century. The study was based on pre-industrial and recent data series, the results being analyzed according to the atmospheric chemistry. The treatment of ozone and meteorological data was performed by classical statistics and by time-series analysis. It was concluded that in the 19th century the ozone present in the troposphere was not of photochemical origin, being possible to consider the respective concentrations as reference values. For recent data a cycle of 8h for ozone concentrations could be related to traffic. Compared to the 19th century, the current concentrations were 147% higher (252% higher in May) due to the increased photochemical production associated with the increased anthropogenic emissions. 相似文献
105.
106.
金属氧化物纳米颗粒的广泛应用导致它们大量地释放到水环境中,其独特的理化性质有可能改变水环境中其他共存污染物(如重金属)的生态毒性。为评价沉积物中纳米氧化铝(Al2O3-NPs)对重金属Cd生态毒性的影响,采用底栖生物慢性暴露研究了Al2O3-NPs存在条件下Cd在底栖动物铜锈环棱螺体内生物积累的变化和Cd对肝胰脏抗氧化防御系统关键成分超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与脂质过氧化指标丙二醛(MDA)以及Ⅱ相反应的关键酶谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)的影响。结果表明,低Cd浓度(5μg·g-1)时,Al2O3-NPs对Cd生物积累没有影响;中、高Cd浓度(25、100μg·g-1)时,Al2O3-NPs显著促进Cd的生物积累,Al2O3-NPs对Cd的生物转运具有明显的携带效应。低Cd浓度时,无Al2O3-NPs处理组和Al2O3-NPs处理组的SOD活性与对照组相比均没有显著差异;中Cd浓度时,SOD活性显著升高,而高Cd浓度时,SOD活性显著下降,而且Al2O3-NPs处理组的SOD活性显著低于无Al2O3-NPs处理组,Al2O3-NPs的存在加重了Cd对肝胰脏细胞的氧化胁迫或损伤。高Cd浓度时,无Al2O3-NPs处理组和Al2O3-NPs处理组的MDA水平均显著升高,但Al2O3-NPs处理组的MDA水平显著低于无Al2O3-NPs处理组,进一步证明Al2O3-NPs对Cd氧化损伤的增强作用。中、高Cd浓度时,无Al2O3-NPs处理组和Al2O3-NPs处理组的GST活性均显著下降,但Al2O3-NPs处理组的GST活性均显著低于无Al2O3-NPs处理组,同样说明了Al2O3-NPs对Cd毒性的增强作用。本研究提供了在沉积物-底栖动物体系中Al2O3-NPs促进重金属生物积累的证据,而且Cd毒性的变化与肝胰脏中Cd的生物积累水平的变化基本一致,在中、高Cd浓度下,由于Al2O3-NPs的存在显著促进了Cd的生物积累,因而增强了Cd对铜锈环棱螺的生态毒性。 相似文献
107.
厌氧-好氧活性污泥法处理高浓度甲醇废水 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了厌氧一好氧活性污泥法处理电管厂高浓度甲醇废水的动态试验结果。试验结果表明:该方法处理高浓度甲醇废水,可以克服甲醇废水厌氧处理容易酸化的问题.运行稳定.抗负荷冲击性强.处理效果良好。 相似文献
108.
Al2O3为载体的催化剂净化贫燃汽车尾气研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在富氧条件下,考察了C3H6和C2H5OH在Ag/Al2O3、In/Al2O3、Sn/Al2O3、Co/Al2O3、Pt/Al2O3和Ag/Al2O3+Pt/Al2O3组合催化剂上选择性还原NO的性能.结果表明,Ag/Al2O3具有最高的NO还原活性.在负载型过渡金属氧化物催化剂上,会生成显著量的CO,其HC和CO氧化转化温度也远远高于Pt/Al2O3催化剂.串联组合Ag/Al2O3+Pt/Al2O3催化剂可显著拓宽活性温度范围,促进HC和CO氧化,降低N2O和CH3CHO生成量. 相似文献
109.
草酸作用下海洋疏浚物中Cr的释放动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用恒温振荡实验装置,系统研究了有机酸草酸降解海洋疏浚物中重金属Cr的动力学过程。结果表明,恒温振荡6 h后,浓度为0.05~0.4 mol/L的草酸可使Cr的释放百分率达到24%~44%。Cr的释放总体上可分为快速反应和慢速反应2个阶段,0~2 h为快反应阶段,解吸速率快,2~6 h后为慢反应阶段。草酸对Cr的释放动力学数据可用双常数方程很好的拟合,说明在草酸的存在下,疏浚物颗粒表面对Cr的释放可能更多表现出能量的不均匀性。温度升高时Cr的解吸量增加,反应速度加快,根据阿累尼乌斯公式估算出的活化能为26.53 kJ/mol。 相似文献
110.