UV/H2O2光化学氧化降解对氯苯酚废水的反应动力学

研究了UV/H₂O₂体系降解对氯苯酚废水的过程及动力学结果表明,反应降解速率与双氧水加入量、污染物初始浓度及载气种类有关.在双氧水理论投加量一半的情况下,通入氧气或空气,总酚的降解率可达到96%,COD_Cr去除率接近50%.反应体系加入载气,显著影响污染物的去除率.在本实验中,总酚降解为拟一级反应.     

磁性吸附材料CuFe2O4吸附砷的性能

根据Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)都对砷有较强的亲和性,制备了同时含有Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)的、可用磁分离方法进行分离回收的磁性吸附材料CuFe₂O₄,并对其进行了表征及吸附砷的性能研究.结果表明,该吸附剂对砷的吸附能力与溶液pH有关,在弱酸性及中性条件下,吸附砷的能力最强,而对As(V)的吸附能力比对As(Ⅲ)更强些,在平衡浓度为10μg/L时,其吸附容量可达10mg/g左右,可以很容易地将水中浓度为1～20mg/L的As(V)降到10μg/L以下.实验考察了几种无机阴离子对吸附砷的影响,表明较高浓度(砷浓度的20倍)的硫酸盐对As(Ⅲ)和As(V)的吸附均有一定影响,盐酸盐及磷酸盐则影响不明显;负载的As(V)可较容易地用0.1mol/L NaOH洗脱下来,使吸附剂再生,而As(Ⅲ)则难以洗脱,这与2种价态砷的吸附机理不同有关.     

北京城市大气CO2浓度变化特征及影响因素

北京大气CO₂浓度日变化强烈,全年北京时间15:00时前后为全天最低值,最高值则出现在夜间,日变化幅度为23.2～39.0μmol·mol^-1,夏季和秋季日变化幅度比冬季和春季大.北京城区大气CO₂浓度季节变化明显,最大值出现在冬季,月平均浓度为421.5～441.0μmol·mol^-1;最小值则在夏季,月平均浓度367.4～371.6μmol·mol北京CO₂浓度的季节变化幅度明显高于附近的华北兴隆区域站和瓦里关山大陆本底站等的相应值,其原因是北京CO2浓度季节变化主要受人为取暖活动控制,同时植被的季节变化也起一定作用.1993～1995年北京大气CO₂浓度上升较快,平均增长率为3.7%·a^-1,1995年平均浓度达到最高,为409.7±25.9μmol·mol,随后缓慢下降.     

位阻胺混合甘氨酸盐溶液吸收CO2的研究

在双搅拌反应釜中研究了位阻胺2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)与甘氨酸钠(SG)混合溶液吸收CO2的性能.实验温度293~313K,混合溶液的浓度为AMP(1.5kmol/m3)+SG (0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8kmol/m3),SG浓度每增加0.2kmol/m3,200min内的平均吸收速率分别提高11.47%,10.07%,9.18%和5.33%.与AMP单一溶液相比,混合溶液在200 min时的吸收容量增加了11.5%~41.1%.在293~313K,吸收速率随温度上升而提高.使用加热的方法进行再生实验,得到1.5 kmol/m3 AMP + 0.6 kmol/m3 SG混合液的最适再生温度为378K.AMP + SG混合溶液的再生效率高于单一SG溶液及AMP + MEA/DEA混合溶液.     

菌株scl-2对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷降解的研究

研究了有机磷农药降解菌株Arthrobacter sp.scl-2对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷的降解特性,结果表明菌株scl-2可以利用苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷为唯一磷源生长.菌株scl-2降解苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷的最适温度均为30℃,哒嗪硫磷的降解在初始pH8时速度最快,而丙溴磷和苯线磷的最适初始pH均为7,偏酸偏碱均不利于菌株对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷、丙溴磷的降解.利用气相色谱-质谱联机鉴定了苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷、丙溴磷的降解产物,分别为3-甲基-4-甲硫基苯酚、6-羟基-2-苯基-2-氢哒嗪酮和4-溴-2-氯苯酚.     

光合细菌对2,4,6-三氯苯酚的降解特性研究

研究了混合光合细菌PSB-DR在不同光照、接种量和pH值下对2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TCP)的生物降解特性,确定了PSB-DR生物降解2,4,6-TCP的优化控制条件.结果表明,光照培养下,接种量30%,初始pH值7.0时2,4,6-TCP降解效率最高.在此条件下,50mg/L的2,4,6-TCP经5d后降解率达到82.3%.培养基中醋酸钠的加入对2,4,6-TCP降解有明显的抑制作用.PSB-DR静息细胞对2,4,6-TCP的降解符合高浓度底物抑制的酶促反应类型,其降解动力学参数rmax=1.746h-1,Km=38.333mg/L,Ki=260.87mg/L.     

二硫化钼基杂化物对聚合物火灾安全性影响

为改善聚合物材料的火灾安全性,利用二硫化钼(MoS2)的独特性能,结合纳米复合、催化成炭等设计思路,采用共沉淀法制备CeMnOx-MoS2和CeFeOx-MoS2双金属氧化物-MoS2纳米杂化物,并将其分别应用到2种典型聚合物(聚氨酯和环氧树脂)中.结果 表明:2种杂化物均匀分散在聚合物基体中,可有效延缓聚合物材料的热...     

Royal jelly inhibited N-acetylation and metabolism of 2-aminofluorene in human liver tumor cells (J5)

The present study was carried out to evaluate the question of whether or not royal jelly affects N-acetylation and metabolism of 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) in the human liver tumor cell line (J 5). N-acetylation and metabolism of 2-AF in intact J5 cells was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography for the amounts of acetylated and nonacetylated 2-AF and profile of 2-AF metabolism. The results indicated that royal jelly displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of N-acetylation of 2-AF in J5 cells. Royal jelly also decreased the profile of 2-AF metabolites in J5 cells. This report is the first demonstration which showed that royal jelly affects N-acetylation of 2-AF in human liver tumor cells (J5).     

Levels of plasma B-esterases and glutathione-S-transferase activities in three South American toad species

We determined the normal levels of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), carboxylesterase (CbE), and glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities in three South American toad species in order to establish reference values for field pesticide monitoring purposes. Interspecies variations in B-esterase and GST activities were examined according to body mass. In addition, comparative inhibition of BChE and CbE activities using malaoxon, and chemical reactivation of malaoxon-inhibited BChE activity using pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride (2-PAM) were investigated. Bufo fernandezae had average activity values for BChE: 17.31 mmol min^?1 ml^?1; CbE: 621.49 nmol min^?1 ml^?1 and GST: 1.94 mmol min^?1 ml^?1 while B. arenarum enzymatic average activities were BChE: 9.51 mmol min^?1 ml^?1; CbE: 270.07 nmol min^?1 ml^?1, and GST: 1.59 mmol min^?1 ml^?1; finally Bufo schneideri had enzymatic mean values of BChE: 2.08 mmol min^?1 ml^?1; CbE: 301.95 nmol min^?1 ml^?1, and GST: 1.60 mmol min^?1 ml^?1. Moreover, we found an allometric relationship between plasma BChE and CbE activities and body size for the three toad species. We suggest that B. fernandezae would be the species with a higher tolerance capacity to organophosphorous insecticides compared to the other toad species, while B. schneideri may be the most vulnerable toad species to field pesticide exposure, although some other factors (e.g., brain AChE sensitivity or pesticide metabolism by phosphotriesterases) should be also taken into account. The malaoxon-inhibited BChE activity of the three toad species was reactivated in the presence of 2-PAM, and it is recommended as a specific and sensitive methodology in the assessment of field exposure to OP insecticides together to compare BChE activity levels between OP-exposed and nonexposed individuals.     

Trichoderma atroviride as a bioremediator of Cu pollution: An in vitro study

Isolated Trichoderma atroviride from Cu-polluted river sediment at the Serdang Industrial Area was studied under in vitro conditions to understand the mechanisms that allowed the fungi to thrive in the Cu-polluted freshwater ecosystem. From this study, adsorption was recognized as the main mechanism of Cu tolerance with 50–85% adsorption during the in vitro experiment. The uptake capacity of the isolate in liquid medium ranged from 0.8 to 11.2 mg g^?1 in the potato dextrose broth medium with increasing Cu concentrations from 25 to 300 mg L^?1. It was found that 2.7–5.0% of Cu was lost due to washing. The high percentage of Cu adsorption and the high uptake capacity of Cu by T. atroviride suggest that it is a potential bioremediator of Cu. However, further studies are needed to confirm its practical use as a bioremediating agent for Cu under field conditions.