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51.
The application of electron donor and electron shuttle substances has a vital influence on electron transfer,thus may affect the reductive dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichoro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane(DDT) in anaerobic reaction systems.To evaluate the roles of citric acid and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate(AQDS) in accelerating the reductive dechlorination of DDT in Hydragric Acrisols that contain abundant iron oxide,a batch anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted in a slurry system with four treatments of(1) control,(2) citric acid,(3) AQDS,and(4) citric acid + AQDS.Results showed that DDT residues decreased by 78.93%–92.11% of the initial quantities after 20 days of incubation,and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane(DDD) was the dominant metabolite.The application of citric acid accelerated DDT dechlorination slightly in the first 8 days,while the methanogenesis rate increased quickly,and then the acceleration effect improved after the 8th day while the methanogenesis rate decreased.The amendment by AQDS decreased the Eh value of the reaction system and accelerated microbial reduction of Fe(III) oxides to generate Fe(II),which was an efficient electron donor,thus enhancing the reductive dechlorination rate of DDT.The addition of citric acid + AQDS was most efficient in stimulating DDT dechlorination,but no significant interaction between citric acid and AQDS on DDT dechlorination was observed.The results will be of great significance for developing an efficient in situ remediation strategy for DDT-contaminated sites. 相似文献
52.
采用固相萃取技术富集海水中的666、DDT,并使用气相色谱进行测定。主要包括不同填料(C8、C18、C18-N)、SPE柱规格(500 mg/3 mL、500 mg/6 mL)、洗脱试剂、上样流速、水样pH和洗脱试剂体积6个因素对666、DDT富集效率的影响。最终确定最优条件为:采用500 mg/6 mL C18SPE小柱,调节海水pH=6,上样流速4~5mL/min,10 mL二氯甲烷洗脱。优化后的固相萃取-气相色谱方法测定海水中666、DDT加标10 ng/L回收率为75.7%~110.4%,精密度为1.16%~4.00%,方法检出限为0.19~1.20 ng/L。 相似文献
53.
铁氧化物与电子供体基质交互作用对电子转移及具有脱氯功能的铁还原菌生长有重要影响,进而可能影响土壤中多氯代有机物的还原脱氯降解.本研究采用土壤厌氧培养实验,分析铁氧化物(针铁矿)和电子供体基质(正丁酸和乙醇)及其交互作用对红壤性水稻土中DDT脱氯的影响及其机制.结果表明,由于DDT脱氯降解,DDT及其降解产物与土壤形成结合态残留,厌氧培养6周后,土壤中DDT可提取态残留量仅为初始量的1.29%~2.01%.DDT厌氧脱氯降解的主要产物为DDD.在培养前期,加入正丁酸和乙醇使反应体系的pH降低Eh增加,进而不利于DDT还原脱氯降解.添加针铁矿或者同时添加针铁矿和电子供体基质均使反应体系的pH增加Eh降低,并且增加土壤中二价铁的量,从而促进DDT还原脱氯降解.正丁酸和铁氧化物对DDT还原脱氯无显著交互作用,而乙醇和铁氧化物对DDT还原脱氯具有拮抗作用.本研究结果对于制定DDT污染土壤的高效原位修复技术方案具有重要意义. 相似文献
54.
Di Guardo A Ferrari C Infantino A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(1):50-58
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.01.009
Background, Aims and Scope Most existing models used to describe the fate of chemicals in surface water and sediment generally consider a 'static scenario',
in which a contaminant is discharged at a constant rate and environmental input parameters do not change during the simulation
time. This approach is not suitable in environmental scenarios characterized by daily or periodic changes of several input
parameters. The aim of this study is to estimate approximate emissions of DDT lo Lake Maggiore using a new surface water model,
(DynA Model) that describes the fate of a chemical in a dynamic scenario.
Methods The model is developed on the grounds of an existing and validated model (QWASI). A numerical solution was adopted to build
the fully dynamic version of the model.
Results and Discussion The model was applied to Lake Maggiore emitting DDT at a constant rate until steady-state was reached. Emissions were stopped
and later sporadic 'pulse' emissions were added. This was done to calculate the amount of DDT needed to simulate concentrations
close to those measured in water and sediments. This allowed the evaluation of the order of magnitude of emissions. An uncertainty
analysis for sediment resuspension was also performed, given the lack of measured resuspension rates.
Conclusion The model showed the time response of the Lake Maggiore system to varying emission scenarios and provided what are regarded
as reasonable estimates of DDT emissions. The model demonstrated the importance of sediment-water exchange.
Recommendation and Outlook In order to better calculate DDT concentrations the model should be run with different discharge scenarios to clarify the
time trends of concentrations, possibly with the use of different sets of measured data (such as biota and sediment deposition/resuspension
rates). 相似文献
55.
56.
China is the only nation that uses DDT in antifouling pain at present, approximately 5% of DDT is applied as the additive of the antifouling paint production. Therefore, actions shall be taken urgently for banning the use of DDT and substituting with non-POPs alternatives in antifouling paints. The paper researches the social and economic backgrounds of DDT booster antifouling paint production and usage, analyzes the social and economic impact assessment of the alternatives to DDT usage for antifouling paint. The implementation of the project of alternatives will completely eliminate the adverse impact of DDT booster antifouling paint on terrestrial, marine ecosystem and human health. The broad use of alkali silicate and pepper alkali as substitutes will be feasible if appropriate measures will be taken to encourage their development, and the social and economic risk will be reduced to accepted levels. 相似文献
57.
Albert L. Juhasz Euan Smith Julie Smith Ravendra Naidu 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(3):233-242
A two-phase soil washing biosorption process was developed for the remediation of p,p-DDT-contaminated soil. The process involved desorption of contaminants from soil using dilute primary alcohols (40% 1-propanol) followed by contaminant removal from cosolvent solutions using fungal biosorption. Bench scale remediation studies were preformed to simulate ex situ (recycling experiment) or in situ (soil column study) treatment strategies. Both systems were effective at cleaning the soil to below Australian regulatory p,p-DDT levels. After 50–80 hours of soil washing, over 93% of p,p-DDT was removed from the soil(990 mg kg-1 to <65 mg kg-1) using either of these methods.p,p-DDT was removed from the cosolvent phase by sorption onto the fungal biomass. This resulted in only low levels of p,p-DDT remaining in the cosolvent solution(<1.5 mg l-1). The application of both treatment strategies resulted in the rapid clean up of p,p-DDT-contaminated soil and the potential to recycle cosolvent solutions. The ability to recycle cosolvent solutions provides a mechanism for cost reductions of the remediation strategy. 相似文献
58.
Skibniewska KA 《Environment international》2003,28(8):703-709
Daily intake of lead, cadmium, aluminium, radiocaesium, DDT and metabolites, and lindane in the whole-day food rations collected in hospital canteens in Kraków, ?ód?, Olsztyn and Poznań in winters of 1993-1994, 1995 and 1996 were determined. The diets contained almost 40 microg of cadmium, corresponding to 70% of PTWI, and compared to the levels recognised as safe (ADI or PTWI) small amounts of the other contaminants. The highest content of Pb, Cd, Al and lindane was determined in the diets collected in Kraków, that of radiocaesium in ?ód?, and DDT level was the highest in Poznań. The whole-day food rations from Olsztyn, situated in a region called "green lungs of Poland", were not statistically less contaminated than the diets from the other towns. The Pb and radiocaesium levels decreased significantly with time. 相似文献
59.
60.
Hooker SK Metcalfe TL Metcalfe CD Angell CM Wilson JY Moore MJ Whitehead H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):205-216
A small population of endangered northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus) inhabits "The Gully" a Marine Protected Area on the Scotian Shelf, eastern Canada. Amid concerns regarding nearby oil and gas development, we took 36 skin and blubber biopsy samples in 1996-1997 (prior to major development) and 2002-2003 (five years after development began), and three samples from a population in the Davis Strait, Labrador in 2003. These were analysed for cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) protein expression (n=36), and for persistent contaminants (n=23). CYP1A1 showed generally low expression in whales from The Gully, but higher levels during 2003, potentially coincident with recorded oil spills, and higher levels in Davis Strait whales. A range of PCB congeners and organochlorine compounds were detected, with concentrations similar to other North Atlantic odontocetes. Concentrations were higher in whales from The Gully than from the Davis Strait, with significant increases in 4,4'-DDE and trans-nonachlor in 2002-2003 relative to 1996-1997. 相似文献