干法水泥回转窑共处置滴滴涕废物的示范工程

利用新型干法悬浮预热预分解回转窑对滴滴涕废物进行共处置研究.滴滴涕废物以1t/h的投加速率,从窑尾烟室加入窑系统,比较了未处置废物工况和处置滴滴涕废物工况下烟气、生料、熟料、飞灰中滴滴涕和二 浓度.结果表明:在投加滴滴涕废物工况下,滴滴涕得到有效分解,其销毁率和销毁去除率分别为99.99953%和99.999982%;在处置滴滴涕废物前后烟气二 浓度没有发生明显变化,其浓度排放远低于水泥窑废物处置要求低于0.1ng-ITEQ/Nm3的水平;该水泥生产工艺系统在处置滴滴涕废物时,二 烟气排放因子为0.0396μg/t熟料,熟料排放因子为0.220μg/t;滴滴涕废物处置对炉窑生产,运行工况参数和常规污染排放没有显著影响.     

DDT在红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)培养体系中的转移降解特性

在纯培养条件下,研究外生菌根真菌红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)对DDT的吸附能力,通过测定液体、菌表和胞内DDT及DDD的含量来探讨DDT在培养体系中的迁移转化模式,并通过改变培养条件来确定和修正DDT的去除机理.结果表明,红绒盖牛肝菌对DDT有很强的吸附作用,30 min内有97%的DDT吸附到菌丝上,吸附过程符合二级动力学方程.DDT在红绒盖牛肝菌培养体系中的迁移转化分为3个阶段:从液体到菌表和胞内的迁移存储阶段(0～6 d),降解去除阶段(6～10 d)和稳定迁移阶段(10～25 d).通过影响因素的分析发现,呼吸链抑制剂叠氮化钠完全抑制了降解去除阶段DDT的去除,而低糖条件可使培养体系中DDT的去除提前.      

Study of Fishes in the Chung-Kung Stream: Species Distribution and Organochlorine Pesticide Residues

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the potential for reductive dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) by municipal sewage sludge adapted to 2,4-DCP at different concentrations. 2,4-DCP was completely dechlorinated within 4 weeks. After 18 weeks' incubation, 2,4,6-TCP was also completely dechlorinated and the residue of PCP was 0, 44.46, 51.96% at 0.5, 5, and 50 μg ml¹ respectively. the 2,4-DCP adapted communities initially removed the ortho-chlorine from PCP of 5.0, 50 μg ml¹, following an ortho < para < meta order of chlorine removal. Intermediate products were 3,4,5-TCP, 3,5-DCP, 3-CP (3-chlorophenol), phenol, benzoate and hexanoic acids, whereas PCP (0.5 μg ml¹) indicated a preference for meta-chlorine removal. the intermediate product of 2,4,6-TCP at three concentrations were 2,4-DCP, phenol, benzoate and hexanoic acid. These products were identified by GC-MASS spectrometry. the effects of supplements, including sodium citrate (0.08 mM), sodium pyruvate (0.18 mM), sodium sulphate (0.14 mM) had a direct stimulatory effect on the dechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP and PCP after treatment for 4 weeks, but dechlorination was inhibited after 8 weeks.     

三氯杀螨醇生产过程中的DDT环境排放研究

三氯杀螨醇生产工艺流程主要包括缩合、碱解、氯化和水解等步骤。对工作场所中空气样品、生产过程排放的废酸及废水样品进行采集和分析。工作场所空气中DDT总质量浓度均值为6.69×10-3mg/m3。其中,碱解反应工序中质量浓度水平较低,为1.10×10-3mg/m3;包装车间质量浓度水平较高,为16.72×10-3mg/m3。所有空气样品中p,p’-DDE均是主要贡献物质,占DDT杂质总量的80.2%;p,p’-DDT的质量浓度范围为0.053×10-3~1.66×10-3mg/m3,平均为0.49×10-3mg/m3,低于国家标准限值。缩合废酸与水解废酸中DDT杂质总质量比分别为4.84μg/kg和334.83μg/kg;碱解废水与水解废水中的DDT杂质总质量比分别为456.48μg/kg和75.65μg/kg。废水及废酸样品中各种DDT杂质的质量比水平存在差异;生产工艺阶段不同,杂质组成也各具特点。水解废酸的p,p’-DDT的质量比最高,为146.82μg/kg;缩合废酸与水解废水处质量比水平较低,分别为0.33μg/kg和1.41μg/kg。该企业随废水及废酸排放的DDT杂质总量为1234.08 g/a,其中随碱解废水的排放量高达912.95 g/a。p,p’-DDT的年排放总量为163.37 g/a,随碱解废水和水解废酸的排放量分别为86.98 g/a和73.41 g/a。     

Tween60和SDS强化白腐真菌修复DDT污染土壤

为了提高DDT污染土壤的修复效果,研究了非离子表面活性剂Tween60及阴离子表面活性剂SDS在单一和组合两种方式对人工污染黑土中白腐真菌Phlebia lindtneri GB1027降解去除DDT的强化作用.结果表明,Tween60和SDS均能不同程度地促进土壤中DDT的生物降解,尤其在两种表面活性剂浓度为1.0mg/g干土时,土壤中DDT的降解率分别达到最高的62.9%和53.9%.相同浓度下,Tween60比SDS更有利于提高DDT污染土壤的生物修复效果,去除率提高接近10%.将Tween60与SDS以不同质量比例组合处理后的DDT去除率大小为:Tween60-SDS(3:1)＞Tween60-SDS(2:1)＞Tween60-SDS(1:1),尤其在质量比为3:1和2:1时的DDT去除率甚至高于Tween60单独处理时的去除率,表明将两种类型的表面活性剂组合后对提高DDT的生物可利用性产生了协同效果.研究还发现,菌株接种量越高,土壤中DDT的降解去除率越高,当接菌量达到1.0mL/g干土时,DDT的30d去除率达到最高的70.9%.在土壤含水率为10%~50%范围内,白腐真菌对DDT的降解去除效果随着土壤含水率的升高而增加,当土壤含水率达到50%时,土壤中有约70%的DDT被降解去除.本研究结果进一步证实了利用表面活性剂强化白腐真菌修复有机污染土壤的可行性.     

长江口滨岸潮滩动物体中PCBs和OCPs的分布

利用GC-ECD对长江口滨岸潮滩中动物进行研究,分析了PCBs和OCPs(DDTs和HCHs)的含量分布.结果表明PCBs含量水平为43.7～1260.4ng/g,均值为342.5ng/g;DDTs为1.5～159.4ng/g,均值为33.7ng/g;HCHs为0.9～77.0ng/g,均值为13.0ng/g.从空间上看,同种动物对不同污染物的累积和同种污染物在不同动物体内的累积均无明显的规律,但同属种样品则有雄性个体污染物含量高于雌性个体、小个体高于大个体的规律.对动物体内POPs污染进行了初步评价,结果显示:该区动物均不同程度地受到污染,污染已达中等水平.     

有机农药滴滴涕和毒死蜱生物降解机制的分子模拟研究

为探索有机农药滴滴涕和毒死蜱相应降解酶的微观降解机制,用分子对接方法模拟了滴滴涕(DDT)与漆酶(laccase)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)与有机磷水解酶(organophosphorus hydrolase)的相互作用,得到它们复合物结构的理论模型,根据打分函数最低原则筛选出的最佳构象打分函数分别为-103.134和-111.626,二次打分函数分别为-72.858和-80.261.并应用LPC/CSU server研究这些最佳构象的相互作用情况,结果表明,滴滴涕与漆酶之间以疏水作用数量最多,毒死蜱与有机磷水解酶以氢键和疏水作用数量最多.漆酶的Tyr224和有机磷水解酶的Arg254在催化过程中起到了重要作用.     

西溪湿地土壤有机氯农药残留特征及风险分析

以首个国家湿地公园--西溪国家湿地公园为研究区域,对该地区土壤中有机氯农药HCH和DDT的残留特征和影响因素进行研究,探讨污染物的潜在来源,并对其生态风险进行分析.结果表明,西溪湿地土壤中HCH和DDT均有检出,∑HCHs平均含量为18.44ng·g-1,∑DDTs平均含量为20.80 ng·g-1,二者在土壤中的残留差异不是很明显.HCH在柿园、竹园、芦苇滩地、菜地和其他5种利用类型土壤中的残留差异不大,而DDT在菜地土壤的残留高于其他4种类型.采样点土壤中∑HCHs和∑DDTs含量均低于GB 15618-1995土壤环境质量一级标准,与国内其他地区相比,西溪湿地土壤DDT残留较低,而HCH残留相对较高.生态风险分析显示,西溪湿地土壤中HCH残留对于土壤生物的风险较低,而DDT可能对鸟类和土壤生物具有一定的生态风险.     

根际土壤中DDTs的残留与转化

通过根垫法研究DDT的五种异构体p,p‘-DDE,o,p’-DDD,p,p‘-DDD,o,p‘-DDT,p,p‘-DDT在小麦根际土壤和非根际土壤中的残留量以及DDT,DDD和DDE之间的转化．结果发现,在40d试验期间内,DDT发生缓慢降解,根际土壤中的降解略快于非根际土壤,且差别主要表现在生成DDD的厌氧过程方面．此外,根际土壤中五种DDT的异构体的可提取残留都高于非根际土壤,说明该农药的锁定过程在根际环境相对较弱．     

High consumption of pesticides in agricultural fields leads to prevalence of cancer cases in rural pockets of eastern India: A case study

This study was performed to evaluate the carcinogenic health risk of pesticides used in agricultural field in rural pockets of eastern India. The analysis of pesticide residue in rice grain sample was performed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was observed that for pesticide DDT, the HR values was ranging between 0.5 to 3.2 and for lindane HR was 0.4 to 1.1, respectively. The DDT and Lindane exhibited HR values >1 in some sampling sites which revealed the carcinogenic effects and HR <1 in some sampling sites which revealed non carcinogenic effects of same pesticide. These results revealed a clear indication of potential carcinogenic health risk to human health through consumption of contaminated rice in some areas of Bargarh district. DDT has a long half-life, so it persists in the environment for a longer period of time and induces carcinogenic risk to human health predominantly than other pesticide lindane. A case study on cancer prevalence in Bargarh district was also carried out to support the findings of quantitative analysis. The primary data collected from the cancer affected area by personal questionnaires method to the person concern and the secondary data collected from the Bargarh District Head Quarters Hospital's register. The cancer death reported by the from the year 2015 to 2021 was 320, 380, 293, 323, 278, 409, 346 in the year of 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 respectively, with the total number of 2349 cases. From the questionnaire data, it was observed that the occurrence of male and female cancer cases was 51.75% and 48.25%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that there was no significant difference in gender wise cancer prevalence. The most affected age group was 51–60, that is, 26.92% followed by 41–50, that is, 23.42%. Therefore, it was concluded that the middle-aged adults (40–60) were more vulnerable to the cancer than young adults (3–40) and old adults (60–100). The most prevalent cancer was breast (22.72%) followed by stomach (14.33%).