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71.
Peng Liu Xiaoliang Liang Yanliu Dang Junkai He Alireza Shirazi-Amin Laura A. Achol Shanka Dissanayake Hanlin Chen Mingli Fu Daiqi Ye Steven L. Suib 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):293-303
Ceria is widely used as a catalyst for soot combustion, but effects of Zr substitution on the reaction mechanism is ambiguous. The present work elucidates effects of Zr substitution on soot combustion over cubic fluorite-structured nanoceria. The nanostructured CeO2, Ce0.92Zr0.08O2, and Ce0.84Zr0.16O2 composed of 5–6 nm crystallites display Tm-CO2 (the temperature at maximum CO2 yield) at 383, 355, and 375°C under 10 vol.% O2/N2, respectively. The size of agglomerate decreases from 165.5 to 51.9–57.3 nm, which is beneficial for the soot-ceria contact. Moreover, Zr increases the amount of surface oxygen vacancies, generating more active oxygen (O2? and O?) for soot oxidation. Thus, the activities of Ce0.92Zr0.08O2 and Ce0.84Zr0.16O2 in soot combustion are better than that of CeO2. Although oxygen vacancies promote the migration of lattice O2?, the enriched surface Zr also inhibits the mobility of lattice O2?. Therefore, the Tm-CO2 of Ce0.84Zr0.16O2 is higher than that of Ce0.92Zr0.08O2. Based on reaction kinetic study, soot in direct contact with ceria preferentially decomposes with low activation energy, while the oxidation of isolated soot occurs through diffusion with high activation energy. The obtained findings provide new understanding on the soot combustion over nanoceria. 相似文献
72.
Yang Li Yixin Zhang Guangshen Xia Juhong Zhan Gang Yu Yujue Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(1):1
73.
Herein, Na+ and Ca2+ are introduced to MnO2 through cation-exchange method. The presence of Na+ and Ca2+ significantly enhance the catalytic activity of MnO2 in toluene oxidation. Among them, the Ca-MnO2 catalyst exhibits the best catalytic activity (T50 = 194°C, T90 = 215°C, Ea = 57.2 kJ/mol, reaction rate 8.40 × 10?10 mol/(sec?m2) at 210°C. T50 and T90: the temperature of 50% and 90% toluene conversion; Ea: apparent activation energy) and possess high tolerance against 2.0 vol.% water vapor. Results reveal that the increased acidic sites of the MnO2 sample can enhance the adsorption of gaseous toluene, and the mobility of oxygen species and the content of reactive oxygen species in the catalyst are significantly improved due to the formed oxygen vacancy. Thus these two factors result in excellent catalytic performance for toluene oxidation combining with the weak CO2 adsorption ability. 相似文献
74.
After adding either organic or inorganic ligands, sulfidated nano-zero-valent iron (SnZVI) was used for aerobic degradation of phenol, and the effect of the ligand species on oxidation performance was investigated. We found that SnZVI hardly degraded phenol in the absence of ligand addition. Ligands initiated and promoted the degradation of pollutants by SnZVI. The data herein show that a characteristic inorganic ligand, tripolyphosphate (TPP), is more effective in enhancing oxidation than a characteristic organic ligand oxalate. In addition to the scavenging of reactive oxidants by the organic ligand, more ferrous ion (Fe(II)) dissolution from SnZVI in the TPP system is another cause for the superior enhancement by the inorganic ligand. In the oxalate system, as the sulfur content of SnZVI increased, the oxidation efficiency increased because FeS shell promoted the transfer of electrons to produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS). In TPP system, the effect of sulfur content on oxidation performance is more complex. The SnZVI with low sulfur content showed poor oxidation performance compared with that of nZVI. Further experiments proved that sulfidation might weaken the complexation of TPP with surface bound Fe, which would slow down the ionic Fe(II) dissolution rate. Therefore, sulfidation has the dual effects of enhancing electron transfer and inhibiting the complexation of inorganic ligands. In addition, the mechanisms of ROS generation in different ligand systems were investigated herein. Results showed that the critical ROS in both the oxalate and TPP systems are hydroxyl radicals, and that they are produced via one-electron activation of O2. 相似文献
75.
Chunxu Wu Lanfeng Li Hao Zhou Jing Ai Hongtao Zhang Jialin Tao Dongsheng Wang Weijun Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):340-352
This study aimed to explore the adsorption performance of sludge-based activated carbon (SBC) towards dissolved organic matters (DOMs) removal from sewage, and investigated the modification effect of different types of chemicals on the structure of synthesized SBC. Waste activated sludge (WAS) was used as a carbon source, and HCl, HNO3, and NaOH were used as different types of chemicals to modify the SBC. With the aid of chemical activation, the modified SBC showed higher adsorption performances on DOMs removal with maximum adsorption of 29.05 mg/g and second-order constant (k) of 0.1367 (L/mol/sec) due to the surface elution of ash and minerals by chemicals. The surface elemental composition of MSBC suggested that the content of C-C and C-O functional groups on the surface of modified sludge-based activated carbon (MSBC) played an important role on the adsorption capacities of MSBC towards DOMs removal in sewage. Additionally, the residual molecular weight of DOMs in sewage was investigated using a 3-dimension fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC). Results showed that the chemical modification significantly improved the adsorption capacity of MSBC on humic acids (HA) and aromatic proteins (APN), and both of NaOH-MSBC and HCl-MSBC were effective for a wide range of different AMW DOMs removal from sewage, while the HNO3-MSBC exhibited poorly on AMW organics of 2,617 Da and 409 Da due to the reducing content of macropore. In brief, this study provides reference values for the impact of the chemicals of the activation stage before the SBCs application. 相似文献
76.
Using polymer mats to biodegrade atrazine in groundwater: laboratory column experiments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Patterson BM Franzmann PD Davis GB Elbers J Zappia LR 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2002,54(3-4):195-213
Large-scale column experiments were undertaken to evaluate the potential of in situ polymer mats to deliver oxygen into groundwater to induce biodegradation of the pesticides atrazine, terbutryn and fenamiphos contaminating groundwater in Perth, Western Australia. The polymer mats, composed of woven silicone (dimethylsiloxane) tubes and purged with air, were installed in 2-m-long flow-through soil columns. The polymer mats proved efficient in delivering dissolved oxygen to anaerobic groundwater. Dissolved oxygen concentrations increased from <0.2 mg l(-1) to approximately 4 mg l(-1). Degradation rates of atrazine in oxygenated groundwater were relatively high with a zero-order rate of 240-380 microg l(-1) or a first-order half-life of 0.35 days. Amendment with an additional carbon source showed no significant improvement in biodegradation rates, suggesting that organic carbon was not limiting biodegradation. Atrazine degradation rates estimated in the column experiments were similar to rates determined in laboratory culture experiments, using pure cultures of atrazine-mineralising bacteria. No significant degradation of terbutryn or fenamiphos was observed under the experimental conditions within the time frames of the study. Results from these experiments indicate that remediation of atrazine in a contaminated aquifer may be achievable by delivery of oxygen using an in situ polymer mat system. 相似文献
77.
This paper models the dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics in the Orbetello lagoon as a function of the physico-chemical and ecological system variables, including the submerged vegetation, nutrients, and hydrodynamics. It should be viewed as the concluding sequel to a previous paper describing the dynamics of the lagoon ecosystem [Giusti, E., Marsili-Libelli, S., 2006. An integrated model for the Orbetello lagoon ecosystem, Ecol. Model. 196, 379–394] by introducing the missing DO dynamics. The model considers the oxygen demand originating from the decay of carbonaceous and nitrogenous compounds, as well as photosynthesis and natural reaeration by winds and currents as the oxygen producing processes. With a fixed-parameter set the model could accurately reproduce each single circadian DO cycle, but in the long run it failed to extend this fit and could not accommodate the large DO fluctuations induced by the seasonal variability. In order to enhance the model flexibility, a fuzzy pattern recognition algorithm was designed to classify the circadian DO patterns into four typical behaviours, related to the season, and estimate the corresponding parameters, with the overall model output being a fuzzy combination of these sets. The paper discusses several methods to patch the parameter sets and compares their performance in tracking long-term DO variations. A final assessment of the model validity is obtained by incorporating the whole DO dynamics (model, fuzzy pattern recognition and parameter combination) into the general lagoon model and producing a consistently correct series of DO daily distributions over a yearly cycle. Thus the paper contains both a practical and a methodological aspect. The practical one is the linking of all the lagoon dynamics to the dissolved oxygen kinetics in order to clarify to what extent macroalgae and macrophytes influence the oxygen balance. The methodological aspect consists of extending the validity of short-term models to long time-horizons through a patching technique supported by fuzzy pattern recognition. 相似文献
78.
有机碳源和溶解氧对亚硝酸盐生物硝化的影响研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从城市污水处理厂的活性污泥中纯化分离到高活性硝化菌株N-20(Nitrobacter sp.),在一种新型材料Carbon Foam的表面挂膜;通过对菌株N-20进行摇瓶试验,选择添加有机碳源的种类,将其在pH7.5~8.0、温度28℃的条件下,分别以NaNO2和K2HPO4为氮源和磷源,通过生物滤塔中的液相连续试验,考察在不同DO的条件下有机碳源对硝化作用的影响规律。结果表明,以葡萄糖作为有机碳源,DO≥2mg/L,葡萄糖低于20mg/L时,生物滤塔内可进行正常硝化,NO2^--N的硝化去除率维持在90%左右,随着葡萄糖浓度的增加,硝化去除率下降到70%;DO≤2mg/L,葡萄糖对硝化作用的抑制增强,当葡萄糖为200mg/L时,生物滤塔中NO^2-—N的硝化去除率仅为32%。 相似文献
79.
Tiancui Li Yaocheng Fan Deshou Cun Yanran Dai Wei Liang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):26
80.
Electrical apparatuses are prone to arc, which generally causes a fire, even an explosion hazard, when a flammable gas mixture is present, especially during industrial processes. Terrible fire scenes are challenging for fire investigations. In this work, by performing a simultaneous thermal analysis test we simulated a fire environment and found that as the oxygen concentration decreased, the oxidation/exothermic peak temperature of ‘cause’ bead became higher, but the melting temperature was unaffected. Results indicated that the bead pattern underwent oxidation at approximately 831 °C, melting initiated at approximately 1060 °C, and the pattern then disappeared. The melted pattern grain changes were divided into three critical temperature stages: Approximately 600 °C, the onset temperature at which the melted pattern grains began to be equiaxed; approximately 831 °C, at which the grains were interspersed with oxygen-containing material; and 831–1060 °C, when the grains disappeared, which is a criterion for identifying electrical fires. However, the boundaries remained throughout the thermal environment process. Moreover, the bead pattern demonstrated three metallographic regions: Deep layer (Region I), the intermediate layer (Region Ⅱ), and surface layer (Region Ⅲ). Region I was the most thermally sensitive, in which equiaxed crystals first appeared. Region Ⅲ was the thermal reaction lag zone, in which the typical branching crystals finally disappeared, and Region Ⅱ was intermediate between Regions I and Ⅲ. The results may help fire investigators determine the fire scene temperature stages and provide support for fire evidence extraction. 相似文献