活性黄染料废水脱色动力研究

本文采用草酸铁法（UV/Fe（C2O4）33-/H2 O2）氧化活性黄染料废水,其动力学模型为拟一级动力学反应,反应速率常数分别为0.01084 s-1,通过动力学研究方法获得染料废水脱色反应的半衰期为68s;考察了pH值和反应温度的变化对氧化反应动力学的影响,初始pH值在3.0～4.0之间,对于草酸铁法羟自由基氧化脱...     

Ferric citrate-induced photodegradation of dyes in aqueous solutions

The photooxidation of dye solutions containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes was studied. The photodegradation under near-UV light of the five dyes, C. I. reactive red 2, C. I. reactive blue 4, C. I. reactive black 8, C. I. basic red 13 and C. I. basic yellow 2, in aqueous solutions at pH2.0 containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes was found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The photodegradation rates of the dye, C. I. reactive red 2, decreased with increasing the initial dye concentration in range of 20 – 60 mg/L . A comparatively higher photodegradation efficiency of the dye was gained under the condition of pH2.0 and the Fe(III) to citrate ratio 1:2.     

H_2O_2/草酸铁络合物对有机染料废水的光氧化脱色

研究了400W高压汞灯下有机染料模拟废水的光氧化脱色,实验结果表明:在近紫外光照射下,H_2O_2/草酸铁络合物能使染料迅速氧化脱色,其脱色速率显著高于UV/H_2O_2光氧化;pH在3左右,脱色效果最佳,pH>4脱色率急剧下降;Fe~(3+)、草酸和H_2O_2的浓度以及温度等因素对染料废水的光氧化脱色率均有较大影响;水溶性的单偶氮染料和双偶氮染料光氧化脱色效果最好。     

Biochemical speciation in chromium genotoxicity

The biochemical speciation of chromium compounds in mammalian cells is discussed with respect to uptake, metabolism, DNA binding and damaging. Whereas soluble hexavalent chromium is taken up rapidly and accumulated intracellularly after its reduction, compounds of trivalent chromium penetrate biomembranes about three orders of magnitude slower. Cr(VI) after its uptake is metabolised by electron donating compounds via Cr(V) to Cr(III) compounds. Chromium from various Cr(III) compounds, but not chromate, binds to chromatin in isolated cell nuclei. The DNA‐protein crosslinks and DNA strand breaks observed in rat liver and kidney after chromate administration are also found in vitro, when Cr(III) compounds (but not chromate) interacts with isolated nuclei. In the Chinese Hamster cell HGPRT mutation assay, three out of four tested Cr(III) complexes were found to be mutagenic. In a direct DNA strand break assay with supercoiled bacteriophage PM 2 DNA, neither chromate nor the four Cr(III) compounds tested caused nicks. However, the combined action of chromate plus glutathione as well as the isolated complex of pentavalent chromium, Na₄Cr(glutathione)₄, did cause DNA breaks. Reactive oxygen species are inferred to be the ultimate DNA nicking agents in this assay. In conclusion there appear to be two mechanisms of chromate genotoxicity; one with direct DNA damage caused by Cr(V) species and one via DNA‐protein crosslinks formed with Cr(III), the final reduction state of chromate.     

Potentiometric studies of mixed complexes of cobalt(II) and copper(II) with l‐Asparagine and adenine

A potentiometric titration technique has been used to determine the stability constants for the various complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) with L‐asparagine and from DNA base, e.g. adenine. Stability constants of ternary systems have been evaluated by the method suggested by Irwing‐Rossotti. In addition, the conditional constants were calculated as a function of pH. The maximum values of the conditional formation constants were found to be in accordance with the mixed‐ligand complex formation constants in a determined pH region. Furthermore, the molar fractions of different species from mixed complexes were calculated by means of formation constants. The values of stability constants of mixed‐ligand complexes at 25°C are as follows: log K= 5.25 for Co(II)‐L‐asparagine‐adenine; log K= 9.30 for Cu(II)‐L‐asparagine‐adenine. The ionic strength was kept constant at I = 0.20 with NaClO₄.     

城市污水厂初沉池的设置方式及运行效果

跟据初沉池在城市污水厂长期的实际运行数据,分析了初沉池去除污水中的悬浮物、有机物、降低能耗、降低水质波动对生化系统的冲击等方面所起的作用,设置初沉池还有利于提高生化系统污泥的活性成份（MLVSS／MLSS）、增强出水效果;同时探讨了初沉池在城市污水处理中的设置方式,通过设置超越管线,在冬、夏季水质波动较大,保持生化系统进水有机负荷的稳定,提出了优化初沉池的处理效果的运行方式。     

Intelligent power supply management of an autonomous hybrid energy generator

ABSTRACT

This work deals with the optimization of an hybrid energy system used to supply an isolated site. The proposed system combines a wind turbine, a photovoltaic panel, a diesel generator and a battery bank to electrify atypical home. An energy cost-effectiveness approach is adopted in accordance with meteorological data, time profile of energy consumption, and the cost of different alternative systems. A variety of performances is obtained through simulations within the Homer Pro environment. The selection of an optimal combination is based on the maximum integration of renewable energy in the suggested system with a minimum of gas emission. According to the obtained results, the overall cost of the selected installation is about 72,900 €, with 0.415€ the unit cost of a kWh electric energy provided with a contribution of renewable energy of around 86%. Simulations show a technical and financial benefits of the different configurations obtained to supply the target site. To control the proposed hybrid energy system, a supervision algorithm is developed and implemented on TMS320F28027 DSP platform. The proposed energy system aims to take advantages of renewable energy sources and shift to conventional sources only when necessary in order to ensure source autonomy and service continuity.     

链状高分子金属配合物催化氧化苯乙烯

利用链状Salen型高分子希夫碱金属配合物PLSBM(M:CoⅡ,MnⅡ,ZnⅡ,CuⅡ)作为催化剂,催化分子氧氧化苯乙烯.结果表明,在不添加任何助剂和共还原剂的条件下,氧化产物以苯甲醛(Ⅰ)和环氧苯乙烷(Ⅱ)为主,PLSBCuⅡ具有最佳的催化活性和产物选择性.考察了影响氧化反应的因素,发现在反应温度为90℃、反应时间为9h和催化剂与苯乙烯用量比为1mg∶2mL时,苯乙烯具有最优的转化率(61％)和产物选择性(Ⅰ:57％,Ⅱ:36％).     

日光/H2O2/草酸铁络合物光解水溶液中的直接耐酸大红

以H2O2/草酸铁络合物作光氧化剂,利用太阳光对水溶液中的直接耐酸大红进行了光氧化降解试验研究。结果表明,在日光照射下,H2O2/草酸铁络合物能使溶液中直接耐酸大红迅速光解,晴天光照15min或阴天光照30-40min,溶液（直接耐酸大红的质量浓度为50mg/L）可褪至无色;溶液的初始pH对染料光解有显著影响;pH为2-4时光解效果最佳;提高H2O2浓度可以提高光解速率,但H2O2的利用率会降低。     

光纤ZnO薄膜的制备及光催化性能研究

实验利用射频磁控溅射镀膜工艺,分别在光纤和石英玻璃上成功制备了ZnO薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和荧光分光光度计对薄膜进行了测试分析,并对其光催化降解苯酚的性能进行了对比测试。结果表明,该薄膜具有良好的C轴取向性,光致发光峰分别位于362nm、421nm和486nm附近,且随着薄膜样品晶粒的减小而出现蓝移,光纤上ZnO薄膜的光催化能力是以石英玻璃为基底的ZnO薄膜的193倍,光催化效果显著。