河流水质的动态马尔柯夫评价

根据马尔柯夫过程的原理,在水质级别评价结果的基础之上,构造水质变化的概率转移矩阵,并对转移概率赋权计算绝对进步度,然后在此基础上引出相对进步度的概念,用相对进步度来评价河流水质在一段时期内的变化程度.运用该方法计算了中国四大河流2005年的水质相对进步度,并对计算结果进行了分析.     

A/O工艺处理城市生活工业综合污水的耐受性研究

针对目前城市污水处理厂进水水质以生活污水为主转向以难生物处理的工业废水为主的现状,进行了A/O工艺的耐受性试验.结果表明:随着工业废水比例的增加,厌氧、好氧污泥活性都显著下降,厌氧污泥的耐受性较高;随着运行时间的延长,两类污泥的活性逐步得到不同程度的恢复;工业废水比例越高,活性恢复所需时间越长;两类污泥的协同代谢作用保证了出水效果.A/O工艺所能耐受的进水中制药废水、印染废水和生活污水的分配比(体积比)为3∶3∶4.     

合流制排水系统溢流污染就地调蓄处理控制技术研究

在对高效混合絮凝斜板沉淀工艺进行现场中试的基础上,将化学强化处理工艺与调蓄池相结合,针对上海市某合流制排水系统,进行调蓄/沉淀池的概念设计,提出主要设计参数,利用计算流体力学(CFD)模型对调蓄/沉淀池进行优化设计.试验和模拟结果表明,调蓄/沉淀池与单纯的调蓄池相比具有更好的溢流污染控制效果和效益/造价比.     

Fenton试剂处理有机氯农药废水的研究

研究了Fenton氧化法预处理有机氯农药废水的反应特性.通过正交实验确定了氧化反应各种影响因子的最佳操作条件.在此条件下,废水1、2的COD去除率分别为47.8%和87.9%;色度去除率分别为84.4%和99.4%.Fenton试剂处理后,2种废水的可生化性也得到了提高.在各影响因子与COD去除率的关系曲线基础上,分析了废水中各影响因子的作用机理.     

城市污水处理厂除臭技术

介绍了城市污水处理厂臭气来源、成分及产量。针对目前国内外除臭技术的研究和发展情况，分析了污水处理厂的各种物理、化学和生物除臭方法的技术原理、优缺点和应用现状。结合日本城市污水处理厂的运行实际，重点介绍了一种不产生臭气的新技术——腐殖活性污泥法的工艺流程、特点及其应用现状。     

Modeling in situ ozonation for the remediation of nonvolatile PAH-contaminated unsaturated soils

Mathematical models were developed to investigate the characteristics of gaseous ozone transport under various soil conditions and the feasibility of in situ ozone venting for the remediation of unsaturated soils contaminated with phenanthrene. On the basis of assumptions for the mass transfer and reactions of ozone, three approaches were considered: equilibrium, kinetic, and lump models. Water-saturation-dependent reactions of gaseous ozone with soil organic matter (SOM) and phenanthrene were employed. The models were solved numerically by using the finite-difference method, and the model parameters were determined by using the experimental data of Hsu [The use of gaseous ozone to remediate the organic contaminants in the unsaturated soils, PhD Thesis, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, 1995]. The transport of gas-phase ozone is significantly retarded by ozone consumption due to reactions with SOM and phenanthrene, in addition to dissolution. An operation time of 156 h was required to completely remove phenanthrene in a 5-m natural soil column. In actual situations, however, the operation time is likely to be longer than the ideal time because of unknown factors including heterogeneity of the porous medium and the distribution of SOM and contaminant. The ozone transport front length was found to be very limited (< 1 m). The sensitivity analysis indicated that SOM is the single most important factor affecting in situ ozonation for the remediation of unsaturated soil contaminated with phenanthrene. Models were found to be insensitive to the reaction mechanisms of phenathrene with either gas-phase ozone or dissolved ozone. More study is required to quantify the effect of OH* formation on the removal of contaminant and on ozone transport in the subsurface.     

Comparative study of the oxidation of atrazine and acetone by H2O2/UV, Fe(III)/UV, Fe(iii)/H2O2/UV and Fe(II) or Fe(III)/H2O2

In this study, the rates of degradation of organic compounds by several AOPs (H₂O₂/UV, Fe(III)/UV, Fe(III)/H₂O₂/UV, Fe(II)/H₂O₂ and Fe(III)/H₂O₂) have been compared. Experiments were carried out at pH ≈ 3 (perchloric acid / sodium perchlorate solutions) and with UV reactors equipped with a low-pressure mercury vapour lamp (emission at 253.7 run). The data obtained with atrazine ([Atrazine]_o = 100 μg/L) showed that the rate of degradation of atrazine in very dilute aqueous solution is much more rapid with Fe(III)/UV than with H₂O₂/UV. Photo-Fenton process (Fe(III)/H₂O₂/UV) was found to be more efficient than H₂O₂/UV and Fe(II)/H₂O₂ for the mineralization of acetone ([Acetone]_o = 1 mM).     

高速微涡活性污泥法提高氧利用效率的研究

概述了高速微涡活性污泥法的工艺特点，并对该法提高氧的转移及利用效率进行了研究和机理分析。     

Ti/Cu交联累托石光催化氧化处理硝基苯废水研究

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,掺杂铜(CuCl2)制备交联剂.制得柱状Ti/Cu交联累托石,结合其吸附特性并通过其在光催化氧化条件下处理含硝基苯有机废水.在pH=9,交联累托石用量为30 g/L,一根20 W紫外灯光辐照2 h的处理条件下,硝基苯由73.81 mg/L降至3.17 mg/L,去除率达到95.71%,优于GB-8978-1996三级标准,用其处理含硝基苯工业废水,COD去除率为83.73%,由4800 mg/L降至530.4 mg/L,硝基苯去除率达92.3l%,由10.32 mg/L降至0.79 mg/L,小于GB-8978-1996-级标准.     

电解氧化处理难降解垃圾渗滤液研究

采用连续式电解槽对垃圾渗滤液进行电解催化处理,考察极板间距、电流密度、电导率[Cl-]浓度对电解效果的影响.结果表明,当添加的[Cl-]6000 mg/L,在电解60 min时,对初始COD小于3000 mg/L的中等浓度渗滤液有较好的处理效果,COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达88.9%和97.3%,能耗为2.75 kwh/m3.为中试和工业设计应用提供了参考.