香港安山-英安质古火山颈群

香港中侏罗世屯门组火山岩主要由安山质熔岩、凝灰岩和凝灰角砾岩夹少量凝灰质砂岩组成。其中凝灰角砾岩初期曾误认为是沉积砾岩。1990年香港地质调查组重新研究后,确认是火山成因的凝灰角砾岩。按岩相分析,屯门组火山岩可分为火山通道相安山-英安质熔岩和爆发角砾岩,还有爆发空落相凝灰角砾岩。火山通道相又可分为火山颈相和岩墙相,分布在屯门组东西两侧。在青山东麓,出露一列NNW向呈断续、线状分布的火山颈群。近年来新出版的《香港地质考察指引》和《香港工程地质实践》等地质著作仍将该区爆发角砾岩误认为是沉积成因的砾岩,在地质勘探和工程设计上造成混乱,导致不应有的经济和时间上的损失。本文综合最新研究成果并与世界各地同类火山岩的特征进行对比,确证火山通道相爆发角砾岩的存在,并发现呈线状分布的古火山颈群。     

贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩地球化学及构造背景分析

本文利用奥陶系米钵山组砂岩地球化学分析,结合区域地质研究,探讨贺兰山中、晚奥陶世的构造环境。贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩的地球化学研究表明,砂岩的SiO2平均含量为81.3%;Al2O3/SiO2值0.07～0.11,平均值为0.08;K2O/Na2O值变化较大,最大60.7,一般介于4.79～7.81;Fe2O3+MgO含量较低,介于2.1%～2.81%。砂岩微量元素Nb丰度及V/(V+Ni)与Ce/La、Sr/Ba值均较高,说明砂岩沉积于湿热、还原、低盐度环境,具有大陆型沉积特征。砂岩稀土元素富集,含量在116×10-6～195×10-6之间,平均值为158×10-6;δEu为0.52～0.58,具显著的负铕异常。这些数据指示了米钵山组具有重力流快速堆积的特征和大量陆源补给,浊流沉积作用是重力流携带陆源物质的主要途径。通过多种构造环境判别图解分析,显示物源区地质构造具有被动大陆边缘性质。     

金沙江中游奉科湖相层ESR年代学研究及成因探讨

不同流域大量发育的沉积物不仅记录了晚新生代的气候信息,也为地貌演化等研究提供了重要依据。我国著名的第四纪地质单元——昔格达组,在青藏高原东南缘地区的大河流域中广泛发育,如攀枝花地区金沙江湖相地层。因此,对该地区湖相地层的沉积特征、形成时代及其成因机制的研究具有重要意义,但其形成时代至今仍存在较大争议。昔格达组颜色上以黄色、灰白色为主,厚度介于几十米到几百米,主要由黏土、粉沙、细沙等细粒组分组成,发育水平层理多数呈半成岩状态;该套地层的分布受现今河流的严格控制,呈孤立状态分布于金沙江及其支流的河谷中。本文在金沙江中游奉科地区发现出露典型湖相地层,厚约20 m,在奉科剖面采集5个样品,开展ESR年代学研究,结果表明：该套湖相地层年龄为440—556 ka,属于中更新世沉积。野外地质地貌考察结果显示：该套湖相地层直接超覆于基岩之上,且在上覆湖相地层中未发现砾石层和沙层等典型的河流相二元结构,结合ESR测年结果,初步判断奉科湖相地层为大型滑坡堵塞金沙江形成的堰塞湖沉积。     

江宁孔山、茨山高骊山组中遗迹化石组合的生态分析

江宁孔山、茨山高骊山组是一个典型的三角洲层序,可分为三个亚相及若干微相,高骊山组下部的前三角洲亚相中发现Chondrites-Planolites-Palaeophycus组合,中部远岸砂坝微相发现Palaeophycus-?Protopaleodictyon组合;河口砂坝微相见Palaeophycus-trail Phycodes?组合,上部的废异河道微相含有Rhizocorallium jenense-Gyrolithes-Palaeophycus组合。这些组合有着明确的指相意义,遗迹属种、生态类型及组合在剖面上的分布与环境条件有着密切的关系。     

One representative water supply system in China with nitrosamine concern: Challenges and treatment strategies

Four sampling campaigns were conducted in two years to understand the fluctuation of N-Nitrosamines (NAs) and their precursors in one drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in East China in different seasons. This water supply system has been facing several nitrosamine challenges related with source water, including the switch of water source, high concentration of ammonium, formed NAs and NA formation potential (FP) in source water. Besides, the use of ozonation in the DWTP and chloramination in networks will increase the NDMA concentration in tap water. To address these challenges, the bio-pretreatment was applied in this DWTP to decrease the concentration of ammonium and NAs. The following biological activated carbon (BAC) will neutralize the nitrosamine increase brought by ozonation. The use of free chlorine in disinfection process will also decrease the NDMA formation compared with chloramination. The results will benefit other cities in China and other countries with similar impacted water sources.     

Characteristics and formation mechanism of regional haze episodes in the Pearl River Delta of China

To investigate the characteristics and the specific mechanism of continuous haze,comprehensive measurements were conducted from 15 October to 19 November in the Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Super-Station in Heshan of Guangdong province.Five haze episodes occurred in October and November 2014 in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region. The meteorological parameters, gas data, chemical compositions, and optical parameters of the aerosols were obtained. Among these events, the second haze episode,with the highest concentration of PM2.5 of 187.51 μg/m~3, was the most severe. NO~3-was always higher than SO_4~(2-), which indicated that motor vehicles played an important role in the haze, even though the oxidation rate from SO_2 to SO_4~(2-)was faster than that of NOXto NO_3~-. The difference between the hourly averages of Na+and K+during the haze episode and clean days was small, implying that straw combustion and sea salt had no significant effect on the occurrence of haze, and the backward trajectories of the air masses also conformed with this result. The air pollutants were difficult to disperse because of the significant decrease in the planetary boundary layer(PBL) height. Relative humidity played a crucial role in the formation of haze by leading to hygroscopic growth of the diameter of aerosols.     

企业物流外包风险形成机理及防范研究

随着经济全球化的到来 ,越来越多的企业倾向于物流外包 ,以此增强企业竞争力。外包给企业带来经济效益的同时 ,也带来了诸多风险。笔者主要从物流外包管理与运行机制等方面 ,对企业物流外包中面临的管理风险、信息风险、财务风险、市场风险等诸多风险进行了深入的分析 ,并提出了重视物流管理人才、建立信息共享机制、确定物流外包的绩效评价指标、建立有效的利益 /风险分担机制、加强客户关系管理等一系列防范风险的相关措施 ,为物流外包企业决策提供理论依据。     

河南内乡夏馆-高丘盆地的夏馆组及其时代

夏馆-高丘盆地的红层时代，根据目前已有恐龙蛋，孢粉，轮藻与盆地发展史及邻区同位素年龄资料综合分析。归属晚白垩世早期或中-早期比较合适，按照“中国地层指南”的规定，建议恢复和正式使用夏馆组一名，废弃高沟组，马家村组，桑坪组等名称，并不需再建新的岩石地层单位，河南西南部的众多盆地内的红层时代基本上属于晚白垩世。     

东南沿海火山岩基底杂岩角闪石形成条件模拟实验研究

通过高温高压模拟实验,确定陈蔡群斜长角闪岩变质作用的压力2000—4000×10~5Pa,温度500—700℃,f_(o_2)=10~(-14)-10~(-17)Pa。实验结果有助于探讨沿海基底地层的构造-岩石-变质作用-地球化学演化相互关系。     

酸雨的形成、危害及防治对策

我国酸雨正呈蔓延之势 ,酸雨区面积占国土面积的 30 % ,已成为继欧洲、北美之后世界第三大重酸雨区。酸雨给地球生态环境和人类社会经济都带来严重的影响和破坏。酸雨的防治 ,一靠完善的环境法规和执法力度 ;二靠先进的技术和设备。本文介绍了酸雨的成因、危害及酸雨治理的措施