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81.
82.
Brad Allenby 《Sustainability Science》2006,1(1):7-13
The Industrial Revolution and associated economic, demographic, technological and cultural changes have resulted in what many scientists are beginning to refer to as “the Anthropocene” – roughly translated, the Age of Humans. One response to this development is the nascent field of “sustainability science,” a multidisciplinary and systemic attempt to perceive and understand this new era. In doing so, however, methodologies and intellectual frameworks must be developed which extend beyond existing, dominantly reductionist, approaches, and are intended to address emergent characteristics of complex systems that integrate cultural and social systems, the engineered and built environment and natural systems. In the area of ethics, this requires developing a capability for “macroethics,” or ethical systems and processes capable of addressing issues arising from the emergent behavior of the complicated systems that characterize the Anthropocene. 相似文献
83.
Martin Claussen Victor Brovkin Andrey Ganopolski Claudia Kubatzki Vladimir Petoukhov Stefan Rahmstorf 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》1999,4(4):209-216
We present a new reduced-form model for climate system analysis. This model, called CLIMBER-2 (for CLIMate and BiosphERe, level 2), fills the current gap between simple, highly parameterized climate models and computationally expensive coupled models of global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. We outline the basic assumptions implicit in CLIMBER-2 and we present examples of climate system analysis including a study of atmosphere–ocean interaction during the last glacial maximum, an analysis of synergism between various components of the climate system during the mid-Holocene around 6000 years ago, and a transient simulation of climate change during the last 8000 years. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of a computationally efficient analysis of climate system dynamics which is a prerequisite for future climate impact research and, more generally, Earth system analysis, i.e., the analysis of feedbacks between our environment and human activities. 相似文献
84.
利用中国数字地震台网的三个台站所记录到的2011年日本里氏9.0级地震的地震数据,在没有进行去固体潮的前提下进行功率谱分析,获得了地球球型自由振荡振型,通过与PREM模型相对比,发现所提取的94个振型,包括76个基频振型(0S0,2S0~0S76)和18个谐频振型,与理论值的误差很小,所有数据的平均偏差为0.14%。文中发现该地震激发的0S2,0S3,0S4和1S2自由振荡振型有明显的频谱分裂现象。 相似文献
85.
Numerical investigation concerning the impact of CO2 geologic storage on regional groundwater flow 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hajime Yamamoto Keni Zhang Kenzi Karasaki Atsunao Marui Hitoshi Uehara Noriaki Nishikawa 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(5):586-599
Large-scale storage of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers may cause considerable pressure perturbation and brine migration in deep rock formations, which may have a significant influence on the regional groundwater system. With the help of parallel computing techniques, we conducted a comprehensive, large-scale numerical simulation of CO2 geologic storage that predicts not only CO2 migration, but also its impact on regional groundwater flow. As a case study, a hypothetical industrial-scale CO2 injection in Tokyo Bay, which is surrounded by the most heavily industrialized area in Japan, was considered, and the impact of CO2 injection on near-surface aquifers was investigated, assuming relatively high seal-layer permeability (higher than 10 microdarcy). A regional hydrogeological model with an area of about 60 km × 70 km around Tokyo Bay was discretized into about 10 million gridblocks. To solve the high-resolution model efficiently, we used a parallelized multiphase flow simulator TOUGH2-MP/ECO2N on a world-class high performance supercomputer in Japan, the Earth Simulator. In this simulation, CO2 was injected into a storage aquifer at about 1 km depth under Tokyo Bay from 10 wells, at a total rate of 10 million tons/year for 100 years. Through the model, we can examine regional groundwater pressure buildup and groundwater migration to the land surface. The results suggest that even if containment of CO2 plume is ensured, pressure buildup on the order of a few bars can occur in the shallow confined aquifers over extensive regions, including urban inlands. 相似文献
86.
We provide an introduction to the volume The Arctic in the Earth System perspective: the role of tipping points. The terms tipping point and tipping element are described and their role in current science, general debates, and the Arctic
are elucidated. From a wider perspective, the volume focuses upon the role of humans in the Arctic component of the Earth
system and in particular the envelope for human existence, the Arctic ecosystems. The Arctic climate tipping elements, the
tipping elements in Arctic ecosystems and societies, and the challenges of governance and anticipation are illuminated through
short summaries of eight publications that derive from the Arctic Frontiers conference in 2011 and the EU FP7 project Arctic
Tipping Points. Then some ideas based upon resilience thinking are developed to show how wise system management could ease
pressures on Arctic systems in order to keep them away from tipping points. 相似文献
87.
A new method for multi-objective optimization of air quality monitoring systems based on satellite remote sensing of the troposphere
is described in this work. The technique uses atmospheric turbidity as surrogate for air pollution loading. Through inverse
chemical modeling and ancillary information the respective patterns of primary gaseous and particle pollutants are inferred.
The optimization algorithm uses the resulting maps of ambient air pollution as input. It focuses on the gain of information
with regard to human exposure to high pollution, potential impact on cultural heritage, compliance to ambient air quality
standards, monitoring key point and area source emissions, as well as on the associated cost. Application of the method in
Brescia, Italy showed its significant potential for improving the cost-effectiveness of air quality monitoring networks at
the urban and regional scales. 相似文献
88.
Isaac Luginaah Kevin Smith Ada Lockridge 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2010,53(3):353-370
This study examines the perceptions and coping strategies of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation, which is surrounded by ‘Chemical Valley’, the largest complex of petrochemical plants in Canada. Analysis of in-depth interviews showed that residents perceive ‘Mother Earth to be sick’; however, a strong level of community cohesion prevails, with ‘place’ as a significant anchor to the culture and history of the community. Residents articulated a collective sense of responsibility for the well-being of members both within and surrounding the community, whereby some residents would never leave, regardless of the toxic environment and concern for high rates of cancer and respiratory diseases among both adults and children. Residents employed action-focused coping strategies such as ‘indoor evacuation’ and the ‘Cop-sniff test’, and emotional coping strategies including blocking out the effects of ‘Chemical Valley’ by frequently ignoring warning sirens from industry. The results call on the need for a collaborative environmental planning intervention involving clear community participation. Findings suggest the need for an indoor recreational facility for both children and adults, and a graded warning system. 相似文献
89.
厄尔尼诺灾害的地球动力学解释以及与地质科学的联系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从地质力学的理论基础出发,详细地叙述了对厄尔尼诺这一大尺度气象灾害的机制所作的探讨。指出对于地球上任何大尺度的自然现象进行分析、探讨、研究时,都不应忽视地球自转的作用和影响。本文还将海气相互作用与构造体系进行了联系并对全世界地质学与环境生态学界普遍关注的全球海平面变化问题表述了自己的见解。 相似文献
90.
阐述了废弃荧光灯回收利用的潜在意义,介绍了国内外废弃荧光灯资源回收与处置方法。采用回收利用法处理废弃荧光灯,其中包括荧光灯的破碎与物理分离,汞的无害化处理,以及稀土三基色荧光粉的回收和分离。根据稀土三基色荧光粉的特点,目前国外主要采用超临界CO2萃取法、湿法冶金法、风力分选法、离心法和浮选法分离回收稀土,对循环利用稀土资源具有一定的意义。 相似文献