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61.
Bruno Takahashi Kanni Huang Frederick Fico David Poulson 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2017,11(1):106-121
This study focuses on the use of science sources as experts in news stories about climate change coverage in the Great Lakes region of the US and Canada. We examine, using the hierarchy of influences model, whether the use of scientific sources in climate change coverage may be related to factors such as geographic location, reporting frequency, and authorship, in the prestige press as well as regional and local media. The study found that as many or more non-scientists than scientists are selected as sources regardless of geographic location, reporting frequency, or authorship. However, the study also found that the more stories reporters produce on this topic, the more likely their stories are to use and give prominence to science sources. In addition, the articles included few denier sources, but denier views are more likely to appear in a more prominent location in the articles than supporters when stories are framed as conflict over global warming. These results highlight the need for additional research examining the expertise of climate scientists in news stories to better understand news decision-making in the context of complex scientific reporting. 相似文献
62.
巢湖是我国五大淡水湖之一,也是安徽省最大淡水湖,对安徽省的工农业生产和人民生活起着举足轻重的作用。本文分析了对巢湖水资源开发中产生的主要环境问题,并提出了在保护生态环境的前提下开发巢湖水资源的战略措施。 相似文献
63.
Thomas E. Croley Deborah H. Lee 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1993,29(2):267-282
ABSTRACT: Evaluation of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory's (GLERL's) physically-based monthly net basin supply forecast method reveals component errors and the effects of model improvements for use on the Laurentian Great Lakes. While designed for probabilistic outlooks, it is assessed for giving deterministic outlooks along with other net basin supply forecast methods of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Environment Canada, and with a stochastic approach commissioned by the Corps. The methods are compared to a simple clima-tological forecast and to actual time series of net basin supplies. Aetual net basin supplies are currently determined by estimating all components directly, instead of as water-balance residuals. This is judged more accurate and appropriate for both forecasting and simulation. GLERL's physically-based method forecasts component supplies while the other methods are based on residual supplies. These other methods should be rederived to be based on component supplies. For each of these other methods, differences between their outlooks and residual supplies are used as error estimates for the rederived methods and component supplies. The evaluations are made over a recent period of record high levels followed by a record drought. Net basin supply outlooks are better than climatology, and GLERL's physically-based method performs best with regard to either component or residual net basin supplies. Until advances are made in long-range climate outlooks, deterministic supply outlooks cannot be improved significantly. 相似文献
64.
Edward F. PeltierSamuel M. Webb Jean-François Gaillard 《Advances in Environmental Research》2003,8(1):103-112
The fate and bioavailability of pollutant metals is important to the long-term health of freshwater wetland systems, particularly in areas with elevated background levels of trace metals. Precipitation of some authigenic mineral phases in wetland sediments can potentially limit metal bioavailability through sequestration in low-solubility compounds, such as metal sulfides. Zinc and Pb concentrations were analyzed in water, plant and sediment samples taken from a metal-contaminated wetland in Chicago, IL, USA in order to assess metal fate and bioavailability, while X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies were conducted to determine zinc speciation in the wetland sediments. The results showed sequestration of metal into the pond sediments, most likely in iron precipitate phases. In surface sediments, re-release of Zn and Pb into pore waters was correlated with microbial iron reduction, while the presence of sulfide in anoxic pore waters corresponded to decreased dissolved concentrations of both elements. Analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data confirmed that sulfide compounds dominated zinc speciation throughout the sediment. Uptake of trace metals in Phragmites plants was limited primarily to plant roots, while concentrations of both Pb and Zn in aquatic vegetation were significantly elevated, representing a potential bioaccumulation hazard. 相似文献
65.
Wendy A. Kellogg 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2009,52(4):549-570
This paper describes the collaborative planning process for a new landscape planning programme in Ohio that seeks to influence land urbanisation patterns through joint local land use decision making on a watershed basis. The programme was developed through a collaborative process by a state agency-appointed task force that included agency staff and a wide range of stakeholders. The paper describes the process in terms of the collaborative mechanisms, the participants, the programmatic outputs, and the social and organisational outcomes that set the foundation for enhanced watershed quality through better land use decision-making practices. Key collaborations formed during the process were inter-agency collaborations, a non-profit organisation that partnered with the agencies, and that of state agencies with local governments to develop watershed-based land use plans. A most critical outcome was creation of a learning community, through an exploratory research process that used multiple methods of data gathering and consensus-building deliberation. The paper is based on a review of published documents and plans, meeting minutes, participant observation of committee and workgroup meetings and interactive research. 相似文献
66.
Bartrons M Grimalt JO Catalan J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(7):1816-1822
The present study shows the occurrence of 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in microbial biofilms of Pyrenean and Tatra high mountain lakes despite its low vapor pressure and high hydrophobicity. Aerosol air transport is therefore a feasible mechanism for BDE-209 accumulation in sites up to 2688 m above sea level. This compound and other PBDEs exhibit altitudinally-dependent distribution involving higher concentrations with increasing mountain lake elevation. However, the apparently very high enthalpies of the concentration gradients observed, including BDE-209, suggest that bacterial anaerobic debromination also plays a significant role in the resulting altitudinal distributions. This microbial mechanism explains the relative abundances of PBDEs and their within lake differences between rocky and sediment microbial biofilms, thereby showing that the altitudinal pattern observed is not purely due to water temperature control on bacterial activity but also to changes in the availability of anaerobic microenvironments which increase with increasing lake productivity at lower altitudes. 相似文献
67.
Li A Rockne KJ Sturchio N Song W Ford JC Wei H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):141-147
A region-wide data analysis on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the sediment of the Great Lakes reveals a total accumulation of approximately 300 ± 50 tonnes, representing a >30% reduction from the 1980s. Evidence of in situ degradation of sediment PCB was found, with estimated t1/2 of 11 and 17 years, at two open water locations in Lake Ontario. The relative abundance of heavy homologs as well as para-chlorines decreases with increasing depth, while the opposite is true for medium and light homologs and ortho-chlorines. In Lake Michigan, the vertical pattern features enrichment of heavier congeners and reduction of ortho-chlorines in deeper sediment layers, opposite to the trend in Lake Ontario. PCBs decrease log-linearly with increasing latitude and longitude. Air deposition of PCBs to lake sediment decreases at about 0.077 ng cm−2 yr−1 per degree latitude (N) for the geographic region extending from the Great Lakes to within the Arctic Circle. 相似文献
68.
Ecotechnological methods have been employed by developed countries like the United States of America, Europe, Australia and
Japan in the restoration of their degraded freshwater ecosystems. These methods according to literature sources, in many cases
have produced the desired results in these countries where they have been implemented. This article is aimed at providing
an overview on aspects of available ecotechnological methods employed in the reduction of eutrophication and acidification
and in Lake Ecosystem restoration in general. Ecotechnological methods offer great opportunities for developing countries
with tropical or subtropical climates due to their cost-effectiveness. The efficacy and potential limitations of the various
methods in their respective restorative approach is also reported in this article. 相似文献
69.
70.
Many government agencies and other organizations sample natural alpine and subalpine surface waters using varying protocols
for sample storage and filtration. Simplification of protocols would be beneficial if it could be shown that sample quality
is unaffected. In this study, samples collected from low ionic strength waters in alpine and subalpine lake inlets and outlets
in the western United States were used to evaluate (1) effects of refrigerated storage time on the chemistry of unfiltered
samples, and (2) differences in sample filtration protocols. No analytes exhibited significant changes when stored less than
48 h. Six analytes (pH, sodium, ammonium, potassium, chloride, sulfate) exhibited statistically significant (but small) changes
when storage time exceeded 48 h. Two analytes (calcium, nitrate) were significantly higher when samples were field filtered
than when filtered in the laboratory, but the differences were also small. For waters similar to those in this test, unfiltered
refrigerated samples may be stored up to 48 h without compromising sample quality. The small differences between field and
lab filtration do not justify the expense, training, and contamination risk of field filtration. 相似文献