铅酸蓄电池生命周期评价

铅酸蓄电池是世界上产量最大、用途最广的一种二次电池。铅酸蓄电池生命周期过程中每一个环节都有可能对环境带来不利影响,评估从生产到废弃处理关键过程中对环境的影响,可以为制定有效的管理政策提供科研支撑。目前,尚缺乏针对我国特色的铅酸蓄电池行业全生命周期评价的研究,造成此行业的污染防治无据可依。因此,本研究针对铅酸蓄电池的生命周期进行评价,通过设定研究目的与范围、收集数据与分析清单、获得影响评价和解释结果,研究了铅酸蓄电池对环境的影响,结果表明铅酸蓄电池在生产环节的板栅浇铸过程和废弃处理环节的脱硫过程应属于管理中着重控制的部分。     

电动交通工具的污染减排及对策

燃油交通工具是城市温室气体的重要来源之一,因此使用电动交通工具成为解决城市污染减排的重要措施.文章就正确认识电动交通工具污染减排的作用,蓄电池的生产管理、回收利用等进行了讨论,并提出了相应的对策和建议.     

锂电池正极材料Li2FeS2的充放电机理与热稳定性

随着移动电子设备的飞速发展,锂电池作为新型的能源载体也取得了巨大的进步。与嵌入式氧化物正极材料相比,Li2FeS2不仅具有理想的循环性能,而且其理论容量达到400mAh／g,约为嵌入式氧化物正极材料的2倍。因此,本文从晶体结构、电化学性能、充放电机制、充放电过程中的离子电导率变化以及热稳定性等方面对Li2FeS2正极材料进行了详细的阐述。     

Histopathological effects of copper and lithium in the ramshorn snail, Marisa cornuarietis (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)

The aim of this study was to determine and quantify effects of copper and lithium in tissues of early juveniles of the ramshorn snail, Marisa cornuarietis. For this purpose, hatchlings of M. cornuarietis were exposed for 7 days to a range of five different sublethal concentrations of copper (5, 10, 25, 50, and 75 μg Cu²⁺ L⁻¹) and lithium (50, 100, 200, 1000, and 5000 μg Li⁺ L⁻¹). Both metals changed the tissue structure of epidermis, hepatopancreas, and gills, varying between slight and strong reactions, depending on the copper and lithium concentration. The histopathological changes included alterations in epithelial and mucous cells of the epidermis, swelling of hepatopancreatic digestive cells, alterations in the number of basophilic cells, abnormal apices of digestive cells, irregularly shaped cilia and changes in the amount of mucus in the gills. The most sensible organ in M. cornuarietis indicating Cu or Li pollution is the hepatopancreas (LOECs were 10 μg Cu²⁺ L⁻¹, or 200 μg Li⁺ L⁻¹). In epidermis, mantle and gills relevant effects occurred with higher LOECs (50 μg Cu²⁺ L⁻¹, or 1000 μg Li⁺ L⁻¹). Base on LOECs, our results indicated that histopathological endpoints are high sensitivity to copper and lithium compared to endpoints for embryonic developmental toxicity.     

三烧溴化锂集中制冷空调系统改建设计

武钢三烧区域改建了二台大连三洋蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机。叙述了该改建项目的主机选型、参数选定、设计特点等。     

废旧手机电池的回收现状分析及对策一以泸州市为例

网络信息时代的快速发展，以移动电话手机为代表的通讯设备迅猛发展，人们换手机的频率也越来越快，因此产生了大量的废旧手机电池。为了解废旧手机电池的回收利用情况，本研究主要通过对居民就废旧手机电池的处理方式进行了调查和统计，针对泸州市废旧手机电池的处理现状，提出相应的管理措施和回收利用的对策。     

Effects of environmental temperature on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries during charging process

Lithium-ion batteries with relatively narrow operating temperature range have provoked concerns regarding the safety of LIBs. In this work, a series of experiments were conducted to explore the thermal runaway (TR) behaviors of charging batteries in a high/low temperature test chamber. The effects of charging rates (0.5 C, 1 C, 2 C, and 3 C), and ambient temperature (2 °C, 32 °C and 56 °C) are comprehensively investigated.The results indicate that the cell exhibited greater thermal hazard at the high charging rate and ambient temperature conditions. As the charging rate increased from 0.5 C to 3 C, more lithium intercalated in the anode prompt the TR triggered in advance, the TR onset temperature decreased from 297.5 °C to 264.7 °C. In addition, the charging time decreased with the elevated ambient temperature, resulting in a relatively higher TR onset temperature and lower maximum temperature, and the average TR critical time declined by 115–143 s. Finally, the TR required less heat accumulation with increasing of charging rate and ambient temperature, and the heat generation of side reaction played a substantial role that accounted for approximately 54%∼63%. These results provide an insight into the charging cell thermal runaway behaviors in complex operation environments and deliver valuable guidance for improving the safety of cell operation.     

热电池失效分析及等效加速贮存试验技术

目的建立基于实测环境载荷的热电池等效加速贮存试验技术,掌握其在环境载荷作用下的性能退化规律。方法在分析热电池组成和所受环境载荷情况的基础上,分析热电池的主要失效模式,设计基于实测环境数据的等效加速贮存试验,开展热电池等效加速贮存试验,分析热电池性能和热图像的变化情况,利用粒子滤波算法对电池剩余电容量进行预测。结果随加速循环次数(时间)的增加,热电池的电容量下降。热图像表明,热电池经过等效加速贮存试验后,其放电过程表面温度要高于初始放电表面温度。粒子滤波算法能够有效模拟电容量的退化过程,电池剩余电容量预测结果与试验结果误差在10%以内。结论等效加速贮存试验得到了热电池的性能退化规律,从而为热电池的贮存试验提供一种解决方案。     

Management of used lead acid battery in China: Secondary lead industry progress,policies and problems

The amount of used lead acid batteries rises along with the rapid development of battery manufacture in China. The battery manufacture and recycling industry has developed sharply in these recent 5 years. The annual production of secondary lead from used lead acid batteries in China increased rapidly to 1.5 million tonnes (MT) in 2013, making china the world's largest secondary lead producer. Secondary lead enterprises are mainly located in the middle and eastern regions of China, with a legal production capacity of 3 MT/year. Environmental pollution problems began to happen frequently from 2009. After 2011, the government began to put in efforts to promote pollution control, eliminate outdated production capacity, support advanced production and technology innovation research, and has achieved remarkable results. However, the main existing problems are that the proportion of secondary lead production is only 30% of the total lead production, no formal recycling network has been established and the overall level of industrial technology and equipment is outdated. Compared with developed countries, this paper predicts that, secondary proportion will reach 44% in 2015 and 60% in 2028. Finally some countermeasures are given to the recycling mode and technology promotion.