珠江流域"西电东送"能源空间配置的综合效益分析

“西电东送”作为跨区域能源合作工程，引发了区域间经济利益关系格局的重新调整，也日益突显出区域环境利益间的关系。在区域协调发展的战略背景下，从能源配置的经济效益目标、环境效应与社会效益三方面，以珠江流域“西电东送”为案例。测算跨区域能源合作所产生的综合效应即总体净福利。研究结果表明西电东送工程建设改善了西部的交通条件和投资环境，增加了当地财政收入和就业机会。缓解了东部即广东省的电力紧缺局面．优化广东的能源结构。已产生减排SO2、缓解酸雨危害等环境效应。针对西部电能输出区大规模开发水电可能改变地质构造引发地震、产生水库移民以及高耗能产业向西部聚集形成新的污染源等环境问题。提出以提高社会总体净福利作为能源配置合理有效性的重要依据的观点，所探讨的跨区域能源台作多方共赢的动力机制。如生态补偿的市场化建议期望能对跨区域能源合作提示有益的启发。     

过氧化氢生产装置爆炸——化学分解后的物理过程研究

过氧化氢的不稳定性使得其在生产过程中较容易发生爆炸事故.为了预防事故的发生,需要对其分解爆炸过程有个清晰的认识.本文首次利用典型事故爆炸机理分析结合事故定量计算的方法,揭示了事故案例中过氧化氢化学分解后引起爆炸的两个物理过程,计算了产生事故后果的容器失效压力,了解了其发生爆炸的后果严重度,并运用类比的方法,得到了过氧化氢生产装置或容器爆炸时的压力变化趋势.     

济南市大气颗粒物特征及来源的研究

在济南市区设11个点位,在不同季节采集大气颗粒物,其中五个点位用六级串级式采样器采集飘尘样。样品分析了40多种元素、非金属和有机物,并分析了不同粒径中苯并(a)芘含量。应用富集因子计算并提出富集值大干5(EF>5)为污染富集的论点;摸清了济南大气颗粒物的理化特征及粒径分布规律;用化学质量平衡(CMB_7)法探寻了颗粒物来源。     

黄土高原水土流失治理若干问题的反思

本文通过对黄土高原半个世纪治理的反思 ,认为区域产业结构的调整及城市化水平的迅速提高是解决水土流失加剧及环境恶化的根本。同时 ,文章对小流域综合治理模式进行了总结 ,并提出黄土高原水土流失治理在区域综合发展、机制创新、资金筹措等方面应遵循的原则     

中国城乡劳动力就业中的互动机制研究

本文分析了我国城乡劳动力就业过程中相互作用及影响机制 ,阐释两种不同劳动力群体的“竞争—互补关系” ,区分了两类劳动力群体之间的特征差异 ,通过对他们之间相互作用机制的研究 ,全面展示了二者的竞争—互补关系 ,并进一步分析了当前制约劳动力充分流动的因素。在此基础上 ,提出今后增进城乡劳动力良性互动的政策思路     

提高COD_(cr)分析效率的实验探讨

化学耗氧量是评价水质受污染程度的重要指标之一,但是由于各地水体中污染物的种类、浓度等差别很大,因此可以根据实际情况,对CODcr的分析方法进行合理改进。本文主要针对本地水质情况,提出减少加热回流时间,以提高分析效率的实验探讨。     

Selection of appropriate organic additives for enhancing Zn and Cd phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators

Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction is one of the most promising technologies to remove heavy metals from soil. The key of the technology is to choose suitable additives in combination with a suitable plant. In the present study, laboratory batch experiment of metal solubilization, cress seeds germination were undertaken to investigate the metal-mobilizing capability and the phytotoxicity of organic additives, including ethylene diamine triacetic acid （EDTA）, citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, glutamine and monosodium glutamate waste liquid （MGWL） from food industry. Experiments in pots were carried out to study the effects of the additives on Zn and Cd phytoextraction. Furthermore, a leaching experiment with lysimeter was performed to evaluate the environmental risks of additive-induced leaching to underground water. The results showed that EDTA had a strong mobilizing ability for Zn and Cd, followed by mixed reagent （MR） and MGWL. MGWL and acetic acid at 5 mmol equivalent per liter resulted in seed germination index less than 2%. Experiments in pots verified the phytotoxicity of acetic acid and MGWL. Addition of the mixed reagent at 6--10 mmol/kg significantly increased Zn phytoextraction by Thlaspi caerulescens. The same for EDTA and the mixed reagent at 10 mmol/kg by Sedum dfredii. But only mixed reagents could significantly increase Cd phytoextraction by the studied hyperaccumulators. This suggested that the strong chelant was not always the good agent to enhance phytoextraction. S. alfredii combined with 2--10 mmol/kg soil MR was preferred for phytoremediation of Cd/Zn contaminated soils in southern China, this could result in high phytoextraction of Cd/Zn and reduce the leaching risk to underground water than EDTA assisted phytoextration.     

Impact of anions on the heavy metals release from marine sediments

Marine sediments from Lianshan Bay in Huludao, China, were studied in laboratory. A series of simulated experiments were carried out to investigate the influences of three kinds of anions CL^-, SO4^2- and HCO3^- on the release ofCd, Pb, Cu and Zn from the sediments. The results showed that the sequences about the impact of the three anions were Cl^-〉HCO3^-〉SO4^2＋. The release potential of heavy metals in the presence of each anions was in the following order： Cd≥Cu 〉Zn≈Pb. The correlations were positive between CI content and the quantity of Cd released from the marine sediment, whereas there was no significant relationship between CI content and amount of Cu and Zn released. For SO4^2- and HCO3^-, the release of the heavy metals from marine sediments was not obvious.