细数喝蜂蜜水的4个禁忌

<正>蜂蜜"食疗"在我国已有几千年的历史。新鲜成熟的蜂蜜可直接服用,也可将其配成水溶液,因为水溶液比纯蜂蜜更易吸收。喝蜂蜜水有着抗菌消炎、促进组织细胞再生,促进消化,改善睡眠,提高免疫力等多方面作用。不过,喝蜂蜜水也有禁忌,喝不对小心惹病伤身。空腹不宜饮用蜂蜜水蜂蜜水中含有相应的糖分,不是以单纯水的形式存在。这些糖分有增加胃酸分泌的作用,胃酸过多对于胃黏膜有损伤。长期空腹喝蜂蜜水,容易使体内酸性增加,     

Removal of cobalt(Ⅱ) ion from aqueous solution by chitosan-montmorillonite

Montmorillonite （MMT） modified with chitosan （CTS, molecular weight = S x 104） was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co2＋ as a model ion. An increase in MMT interlayer distance observed from X-ray diffraction indicates the intercalation of CTS into MMT. Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT （CTS-- MMT） was prepared successfully. The mass ratio of CTS to MMT had a strong influence on the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT. The highest adsorption value of 150 mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co2＋ was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co2＋ was determined to be the rate-limiting step.     

Comments on "Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite" by P. Jing, M.H. Hou, P. Zhao, X.Y. Tang, H.F. Wan

Recently, ling et al. （2013） published the paper entitled as above. In Section 2.3, Adsorption kinetics of MBT, authors noticed that ＂The pseudo first-order kinetic model （Eq. （1）） and the pseudo second-order kinetic model （Eq. （2））＂ were used （Do,an et al., 2007; Eftekhari et al., 2010）：     

改性与成型层状氢氧化镁铝对不同水体中PO43- 的脱除性能

利用大型工业设备制备出性能稳定的粉末层状氢氧化镁铝(500 kg.批-1,记为Mg-Al LDH),采用沉积法将Mg-Al LDH进行改性与成型,研究了改性与成型层状氢氧化镁铝(记为MG Mg-Al CLDH)对水溶液、废水、不同地带海水中PO34-的动态吸附脱除及再生性能.结果表明,MG Mg-Al CLDH能够有效脱除不同水体中的PO34-,满足污水综合排放一级标准或海水水质一级标准.MG Mg-Al CLDH对PO34-脱除主要是通过离子交换和"结构记忆"效应共同实现的.MG Mg-Al CLDH对水溶液中PO34-的穿透吸附量是未改性时的6倍以上,再生率为126.24%,PO34-的穿透曲线受固定床高度、流量、溶液初始浓度、溶液初始pH值的影响,液膜扩散是吸附过程的主控步骤.当溶液初始浓度低至4.61 mg.L-1时,MG Mg-Al CLDH能将某污水处理厂二级出水中PO34-有效脱除,满足污水综合排放一级标准.当PO34-浓度低至0.38μmol.L-1,MG Mg-Al CLDH仍能将其从海水中有效脱除,达到海水水质一级标准,为解决Mg-Al LDH在实际应用中存在粉末易堵塞床体、无法实现固液分离和再生的问题及水体中磷的脱除提供了一条新型可行之路.     

Adsorption of Mn2+ from aqueous solution using Fe and Mn oxide-coated sand

The adsorption of Mn²⁺ onto immobilized Mn-oxide and Fe-oxide adsorbent such as manganese oxide-coated sand1 (MOCS1), manganese oxide-coated sand2 (MOCS2), iron oxide-coated sand2 (IOCS2), and manganese and iron oxide-coated sand (MIOCS) was investigated. The effects of pH (5.5 to 8.0) and temperature (25 to 45℃) on the equilibrium capacity were examined. Equilibrium studies showed that there is a good fit with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm, which indicates surface heterogeneity and monolayer adsorption of the adsorbents. Kinetic data showed high correlation with the pseudo second-order model, which signifies a chemisorption-controlled mechanism. The activation energies, activation parameters (ΔG^*, ΔH^*, ΔS^*), and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰) confirmed that adsorption with MIOCS was endothermic and more spontaneous at higher temperature while an opposite trend was observed for the other adsorbents. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption involved formation of activated complex, where MOCS1 and MIOCS follow a physical-chemical mechanism, while MOCS2 and IOCS2 follows purely chemical mechanism.     

A high activity of Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode in the electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution was investigated over Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode. The factors influencing the degradation rate, such as applied current density (2-40 mA/cm²), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L) were evaluated. The degradation of 2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. The degradation ratio on Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode attained > 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant current density of 30 mA/cm² with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L) degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, the degradation rate constant (k) and the degradation half-life (t_1/2) were 0.21 min^-1 and (2.8±0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) were detected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for 2,4-DCP degradation (5-200 mg/L) with Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode with a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed to degrade chlorophenols, particularly 2,4-DCP in wastewater.     

工业冷凝液处理系统在川化的运行

川化股份有限公司第二化肥厂尿素装置采用水溶液全循环改良C法工艺，尿液加工采用结晶遣粒工艺。在生产过程中，产生的废水由凉水塔处理，不仅造成氨耗增加，而且还对大气造成了污染。经过研究，该公司与TEC公司合作，进行相关的节能改造，并增加了1套ACES工艺冷凝液处理系统。     

双极膜电渗析法处理谷氨酸水溶液的过程性能研究

对利用双极膜水解离技术处理谷氨酸水溶液的各种工艺参数进行了探索。讨论了电流效率、转化率及能耗等因素对双极膜水解离技术应用的影响。根据实验研究结果，提出了双极膜法处理谷氨酸水溶液的最佳工艺流程。     

产业资讯

中国燃料电池技术跨入世界先进行列，MDEA溶液再生处理系统研发成功，非贵金属汽车尾气净化催化剂研制成功，我国首家集中处置城市固废的环保产业园揭牌，高性能环保煤气发生炉问世，兰州研制出新型高温磁力泵。     

己唑醇在水溶液中的光化学降解研究

研究了高压汞灯光源下己唑醇在不同pH缓冲液中的光化学降解特性及NO3-和NO2-对光解的影响.结果表明,己唑醇在水溶液中的光解符合一级动力学规律.不同pH值缓冲溶液中的光解速率排序为:pH=7>pH=9>pH=5.在己唑醇水溶液中添加不同浓度的NO3-及NO2-,均会不同程度地影响己唑醇的光解速率.在0～20mg·L-1的浓度范围内,NO3-对己唑醇的光解均表现为促进作用,且随着添加浓度的增大促进作用增强;NO2-在0.4和2mg·L-1浓度下,对己唑醇的光解有一定的促进作用,而在10～20mg·L-1浓度时,表现为抑制作用.