Autotrophic denitrification using hydrogen oxidizing bacteria in continuous flow biofilm reactor

Autotrophic denitrification was investigated in five bench‐scale upflow attached growth reactors using hydrogen oxidizing bacteria under anoxic conditions. The performance of sand, granular activated carbon (GAC), crushed pumice, crushed volcanic rock, and plastic media were evaluated as the support material. The reactors were inoculated with acclimated cultures obtained from domestic sewage treatment plant. A synthetic solution containing nitrate was used as the influent. The reactor performance was evaluated by measuring influent and effluent nitrate concentration. The design parameters demonstrated that the effectiveness of autotrophic denitrification is comparable to that of the heterotrophic process and may be utilized economically for drinking water treatment either as the main process or as a supplemental process for ion exchange regenerant treatment.     

非热强介质等离子体反应器用于臭味气体的分解

对非热强介质等离子体反应器用于臭味气体———氨、硫化氢、甲基硫醇的分解进行了试验研究。研究了施加电压、停留时间、初始浓度对臭味气体分解率的影响 ,并对氨的分解产物进行了初步分析。结果表明 ,在这 3种气体的初始体积分数分别为 2 5× 10 -6和 5 0× 10 -6的条件下 ,当施加电压为 16kV、停留时间为 0 .2 3s时 ,氨的分解率达到 97%以上 ;当停留时间为0 .2 3s时 ,硫化氢和甲基硫醇分别在 10kV和 8kV时达到 10 0 %的分解。     

强制性内循环快速启动IC厌氧反应器过程的研究

如何在短时间内快速启动厌氧反应器是厌氧处理工程中的关键。本文对IC厌氧反应器分别进行强制性内循环启动和常规启动实验。结果表明 ,强制性内循环启动的反应器充分利用了内循环缓冲 pH和抗冲击负荷的能力 ,创造良好的微生物生长环境 ,最终只用了 5 4天就完成整个启动 ,比常规方式启动缩短近一个月 ,是一种值得借鉴的启动方式     

表面过滤技术在焚烧厂烟气脱酸净化中的作用

随着城市垃圾焚烧工程的发展，国家对焚烧后尾气的处理技术提出了越来越高的要求。基于“表面过滤”理论的Gore过滤技术，不但为粉尘排放达到欧洲标准提供了技术保障，而且为脱酸／硫的后续反应提供了反应界面，在实际应用中可以有效节约反应剂。     

含碳纳米TiO2光催化降解甲醇

采用管式光催化反应器，在石英玻璃管壁上涂镀含碳纳米TiO2薄膜，研究含碳纳米TiO2对甲醇气体的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：随气体流量增加，甲醇降解率呈线性降低；在气体流量为200mL／min、相对湿度为40％、甲醇初始质量浓度为90～170mg／m^3的较佳条件下，甲醇降解率维持在80％以上，最高达85％；在甲醇初始质量浓度为150mg／m^3、气体流餐为200mL／min、相对湿度为40％的条件下，德国Degusa—P25光催化剂对甲醇的平均降解率为89％，含碳纳米TiO2对甲醇的平均降解率为82％，最人降解率为85％。     

采用两段SBR工艺处理石化废水

采用两段序批式活性污泥反应器（SBR）工艺处理高浓度石化废水，考察了DO、MLSS、反应温度对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明，两段SBR系统中有机物降解存在着不同的作用机理，第一段主要以去除易降解有机物为主，第二段主要以去除难降解有机物为主。在进水COD为4000mg／L、SBR1中DO为4～5mg／L、MLSS为5000mg／L，SBR2中DO为2～4mg／L、MLSS为3000mg／L、反应温度约为20℃的条件下，废水COD去除率达90％以上。     

超临界水氧化处理高浓度丙烯酸废水

采用超临界水氧化（SCWO）技术在连续蒸发壁式反应器内处理高浓度丙烯酸废水。实验结果表明：SCWO能有效地处理丙烯酸废水，废水COD和TOC去除率分别达到99％左右，且反应时间短；反应温度、反应压力和氧化剂加入量的增加有利于COD和TOC去除率的提高。实验得出的废水处理最佳工艺条件：反应温度693K、反应压力24～26MPa、氧化剂加入量1．0～1．5倍。对反应器出口试样进行色谱-质谱联用分析结果表明，小分子醇、醚类以及CO2和CO是主要的液相产物和气相产物。针对腐蚀和盐沉积问题，提出了预防措施。     

IC反应器处理制浆洗草废水的内循环状况

中试用内循环厌氧反应器处理制浆造纸厂的洗草废水,并探讨内循环系统的循环状况。试验表明,洗草水不适合进行深度厌氧处理,宜进行水解酸化。由于洗草废水的有机物浓度低,产气量小,反应器内循环系统仅产生了不连续的提升,液体提升量与产气量的比值在0.08~0.36,下降管中产生了间歇性回流,液体的流量达到了518.4~725.1 L/h。     

内循环厌氧反应器流动模型及反应过程模拟

为揭示内循环厌氧反应器放大过程中所出现的规律,本文对反应器中流动模型和反应过程进行了模拟研究,通过对主反应区的停留时间分布的实验研究,确定了主反应区流型可用一平推流与两个并联的全混流进行串联的三参数组合模型进行模拟.在实验范围内,平推流区所占的体积分数约为36%,两个全混流区所占的体积分数分别为53%和11%.结合厌氧反应动力学方程,应用组合模型模拟了实际反应器的状态,并和实验值进行了对比,发现反应器出口处CH_4体积流量最大误差为9.67%,在可允许的范围内.同时,模拟了基质初始COD和温度变化对反应器出口状态的影响.研究表明,与其它模型相比,组合模型计算简洁,同时又有较好的精度,能够满足反应器的设计需要.     

Biological removal of antiandrogenic activity in gray wastewater and coking wastewater by membrane reactor process

A recombinant human androgen receptor yeast assay was applied to investigate the occurrence of antiandrogens as well as the mechanism for their removal during gray wastewater and coking wastewater treatment. The membrane reactor (MBR) system for gray wastewater treatment could remove 88.0% of antiandrogenic activity exerted by weakly polar extracts and 97.3% of that by moderately strong polar extracts, but only 32.5% of that contributed by strong polar extracts. Biodegradation by microorganisms in the MBR contributed to 95.9% of the total removal. After the treatment, the concentration of antiandrogenic activity in the effluent was still 1.05 μg flutamide equivalence (FEQ)/L, 36.2% of which was due to strong polar extracts. In the anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor, and membrane reactor system for coking wastewater treatment, the antiandrogenic activity of raw coking wastewater was 78.6 mg FEQ/L, and the effluent of the treatment system had only 0.34 mg FEQ/L. The antiandrogenic activity mainly existed in the medium strong polar and strong polar extracts. Biodegradation by microorganisms contributed to at least 89.2% of the total antiandrogenic activity removal in the system. Biodegradation was the main removal mechanism of antiandrogenic activity in both the wastewater treatment systems.