液膜分离技术及其在环境分析中的应用

对液膜分离技术的作用、特点及其类型、组成与应用展开讨论，证明该技术具有广阔的应用前景。     

固氮菌和纤维素分解菌的混合培养及其对生活垃圾降解的影响

对筛选的自生固氮菌和纤维素分解菌进行混合培养，研究了菌数与菌液含氮量的变化情况．初步探索了在两种菌混合作用下对生活垃圾的分解作用及增肥效应的影响。实验证明：两种菌在一定情况下能相互利用、相互依存，经混合培养后发酵液的含氮量增高，菌数增加。在两种菌液混合作用下可以加速生活垃圾的降解，同时提高其含氮量，且含有大量的具有生物活性的固氮菌和纤维素分解菌，可作为生物活性有机肥料。     

有利于环境的催化方法

载体催化剂在许多有机反应中已证明可作为对环境有利的催化剂而取代传统催化剂（一般有腐蚀性，毒性或极难分解和重整并产生大量废物）。综述了近年来固体酸催化、固体碱催化剂和其它载体催化剂的特性及液相有机化学反应中的应用成果，催化机理及发展趋势。     

Development of GC capillary column for isomer-specific separation of toxic isomer of PCDDs and PCDFs in environmental samples

Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) has been performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of the most toxic isomers, in particular, 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/PCDF in the presence of other isomers requires a special isomer specific capillary column or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation prior to GC-MS analysis. Commercially available long (>50 m) polar columns can separate 2,3,7,8-TCDD from other tetra isomers. However, those columns are not satisfactory for the analyses of total PCDD/PCDF in the environmental samples. Gas chromatography -high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and GC-MS/MS techniques are not helpful in the analysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD unless it is separated from the other tetra isomers. The analysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and total PCDD and PCDF in a single GC-MS run can ease the laborious techniques presently used. In this study we have developed a new stationary phase for the GC capillary column. The capillary column developed using this new stationary phase showed unsurpassed selectivity for the separation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from other tetra isomers. There are several advantages of the newly developed GC capillary column.     

碱减量-印染混合废水的预处理研究

针对碱度大、COD高、组成复杂的碱减量-印染混合废水,采用高碱度下直接混凝再酸析相结合的方法进行预处理,取得理想效果.试验结果表明,在高碱度条件下先加入镁盐及少量高分子絮凝剂,可去除大部分可溶性及不溶性污染物;再通过降低pH的酸析法,能有效去除废水中的色度、浊度,大大降低COD.在MgSO4用量为800～1 500 mg/L,阴离子聚丙烯酰胺用量为2 mg/L,酸析pH小于3.0时,色度去除率达97%,COD去除率达92%,浊度去除率近100%.     

Artificial indoor streams as a method to investigate the impact of chemicals on lotic communities

The potential hazard of chemicals on aquatic communities are generally evaluated by standardised single-species bioassays. Safety assessment is based on results gained from organisms adapted to lentic systems and biological interactions in ecosystems are neglected. While lotic communities are often at first in contact with chemicals, it is astonishing that microcosms with lentic communities are mainly used as a bridge between laboratory bioassays and outdoor aquatic systems. Hence, we established five artificial indoor streams to simulate abiotic factors of small rivers. The closed-circuit system was filled with nutrients added to tap water. Washed pebbles were used as sediment. The dynamics of a simple biocoenoses consisting of aufwuchs, Lumbriculus variegatus Asellus aquaticus and Gammarus fossarum was investigated. The dynamic of aufwuchs and periphyton was determined as dry weight and chlorophyll-a, respectively and qualitatively by pigment pattern. The abundance of different developmental stages of L. variegatus was determined at the end of the experiment as well as the population dynamics of G. fossarum and A. aquaticus. Survival rates of gammarids and juveniles per female were investigated and data were used for modelling the population dynamics. The experiment was carried out to investigate the performance of the established artificial streams and the developed approaches to investigate effects of chemicals on a basic lotic community. The prime reason to establish this approach was to close a gap between complex artificial stream systems and laboratory single species tests to assess the impact of chemicals on the aquatic environment.     

论炼油厂液氨质量及出路

炼油厂生产液氨，作为综合利用产品给社会带来益处，但液氨质量不好无法出厂，放火矩烧不仅浪费资源，同时造成大气污染。为解决炼油厂液氨出路，首先通过技术攻关解决液氨质量问题，并试用气氨作为燃料获得成功，达到既可生产液氨，又可作为锅炉燃料，彻底解决了炼油厂液氨出路。     

在线分离富集FI分光光度法直接测定铜

本文针对ＡＡＳ法测定痕量铜时，大量铁存在表现干扰，研究并建立了流动注射（ＦＩ）在线螯合树脂分离富集光度法直接测定痕量铜的新方法，具有灵敏度高、选择性强；因此，已成功地用于水样中痕量铜的测定，该法在水质检验和环境监测中有一定的适用性．     

多效唑的微生物毒性检测

多效唑是一种新开发的植物生长调节剂类农药。试验采用微生物毒性检测的力法,以混合细菌为材料,研究多效唑对细菌的生长速度、总脱氢酶活性和硝化作用的影响。结果表明,多效唑属低毒性农药,在一定范围内,各观察指标与多效唑浓度呈显著性负相关,即较低浓度的多效唑对细菌的生理活动有一定的刺激作用。     

用加氢工艺生产新型低毒溶剂

针对目前市场上苯类溶剂毒性大，危害人体健康及污染环境，而其他代用品溶解能力差的问题。用加氢工艺开发出了环保型溶剂。其毒性低，溶解性好，使用国产催化剂及原料，有成本低的特点，取得了较好的结果。