浅析江苏油田井下作业清洁生产工艺技术

以江苏油田井下作业清洁生产工艺为例，分析了井下作业施工造成对环境污染的因素，介绍了江苏油田在井下作业前期、中期、后期清洁生产的措施及其相关配套新工艺、新技术的应用和取得的效果。     

Graphical strategies for design of evaporation crystallization networks for environmental wastewater applications

This paper introduces graphical strategies for the design of an evaporation/crystallization network for ternary wastewater environmental applications. Sources, sinks and other streams are located on a ternary composition diagram. While a source is any wastewater stream that has the potential to be recycled, a sink is any unit in the process that can accept sources. The proposed methodology is extremely simple to understand and implement, as it only requires basic solid-liquid phase equilibria data and uses lever arm principles to generate alternative process designs. Geometric constructions are carried out on the ternary composition diagram and the respective lever arms are used to determine intermediate flow rates in the evaporation/crystallization network. The relative locations and flow rates of the sources and sinks under consideration, as well as the unique shape of the solid-liquid equilibrium, drive the design of the separation (via evaporation/crystallization) network. Some generic structures are proposed for a typical evaporation and crystallization network. Once the general problem statement has been defined, special cases consisting of a single source-single sink, single source-two sinks and two sources-single sink are described. These special cases are representative of commonly occurring industrial wastewater design problems. Several graphical insights are listed that allow one to represent evaporation and crystallization operations on a ternary triangular composition diagram and avoid mathematical complexity. The possibility of bypassing a part of the initial feed streams is also considered. Certain feasible composition regions are identified on the ternary composition diagram for cases dealing with multiple sources and sinks. The methodology is useful in pre-screening and eliminating certain sources/sinks and is readily applicable to cases with lower number of sources and sinks. A case study involving the ammonium nitrate manufacturing process is included to demonstrate the broad applicability and value of the proposed approach.     

稠联污水生化处理技术研究

河南油田在可行性研究的基础上，开展了生化技术处理稠油联合站污水的现场实验研究。结果表明，采用生化技术处理后的外排水主要监测指标COD为70～100mg／L，油含量为4～6mg／L，悬浮物35～45mg／L，其它指标达到了有关排放标准。     

用萃取法处理含苯胺废水的研究

本文介绍了以甲苯做萃取剂萃取硫化橡胶促进剂生产废水中苯胺类物质的方法,确定了萃取级数、萃取剂配比 和萃取时间等工艺参数。经过萃取,废水中的苯胺类物质与化学需氧量的去除率分别达95％和88％以上,萃取后的废水 可以进行生化处理。     

水解-接触氧化工艺处理高浓度米果废水

采用水解—接触氧化—沉淀工艺处理高浓度米果废水，设计规模为100m^3／d。处理后的CODcr，BOD5，SS和色度的去除率分别达到96．8％，97．7％，94.4％，94．7％，总排放口水质为：pH=7．61，CODcr=70．7mg／L，BOD5mg／L，SS=29．2mg／L；色度的稀释倍数为8。     

超声-臭氧氧化处理硝基苯废水实验研究

在实验装置上对超声-臭氧氧化处理硝基苯废水进行了实验研究，主要考察了废水初始pH值、反应时间，臭氧通入量、超声功率等因素对硝基苯去除率的影响，实验结果表明，超声辐射可以在臭氧氧化过程中起加速反应的作用，而且随着超声功率的增大，加速反应的能力增强；废水初始pH值为11时硝基苯去除效果最佳；随着臭氧通入量的增大，反应时间的延长，硝基苯去除率不断增大；超声-臭氧处理硝基苯废水过程中硝基苯的降解规律为表现一级反应。     

厌氧—好氧—生物炭系统处理印染废水实例

阐述了采用厌氧水解－好氧生物接触－生物炭吸附氧化工艺处理印染废水的工艺流程、原理、工艺参数及特点。该系统对印染废水ＣＯＤｃｒ及色度的处理取得良好效果，且污泥量少，节省了污泥处理费用。     

连续式磁性颗粒去除器在轧钢废水处理中的应用

连续式磁性颗粒去除器，是利用稀土永磁Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ为材质，处理含磁性颗粒废水的装置，其主要结构由动力传递，磁块组合体，磁条移动，设备本体，进出口流道及分离部件等组成，该文阐述了永磁分离机理，并通过磁性悬浮颗粒的理论驱进速度和最小捕获粒径的求解，探讨了提高砒生粒去除器捕 方法，实践证明，该装置用于冶金轧钢废水处理中，能代替传统的轧钢废水三级处理工艺，节约投资成本７０％，占地减少８５％，运行费用亦大幅     

阳离子絮凝剂研制

介绍了一种阳离子絮凝剂的研制情况。用该絮凝剂对几种污水进行混凝处理，加药后生成的絮体大，沉降速度快，处理后水清澈度高。同时，用日立Ｈ－３００扫描电镜对絮体形态进行了观察，对阳离子絮凝剂的作用机理进行了初步探讨。     

高密度污泥工艺在水处理中的应用

高密度污泥水处理工艺可使污泥生成量减少到十分之一左右，极大地减轻了污泥处理的负担；污泥的沉降和脱水性能得到改善，有可能不再需要投加混凝剂的工序。