青枯菌不同色谱峰组分的细胞表面特性

将高效离子交换色谱应用于植物重要致病菌——青枯菌的分离分析.青枯菌纯培养物经过色谱分离得到3个特征峰,收集3个色谱峰组分进行形态观察和生理生化鉴定,结果表明3个组分均属于青枯菌生化Ⅲ型;进一步分析发现,3个色谱峰组分在质粒DNA、细胞表面鞭毛菌毛蛋白含量和全细胞脂多糖成分方面无明显差异,但细胞表面黏附的胞外酸性多糖EPSⅠ含量差异显著;3个色谱峰青枯菌细胞表面疏水性的测定结果也证实了EPSⅠ是造成不同青枯菌细胞色谱行为差异的主要原因.高效离子交换色谱为细菌活细胞的研究提供了一种新方法.图4表2参15     

Mechanism of Microbial Degradation of Slow-Release Fertilizers

Methyleneureas are condensation products of urea and formaldehyde of different molecular mass and solubility; they are used in large amounts both as resins, binders, and insulating materials for industrial applications, as well as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for greens, lawns, or in bioremediation processes. In the present study, the microbial breakdown of these products was investigated. The nitrogen was released as ammonia and urea, and the formaldehyde released immediately oxidized via formiate to carbon dioxide. The enzymatic mechanism of metabolization of methyleneureas was studied in microorganisms isolated from soil, which were able to use these compounds as the sole source of nitrogen for growth. A strain of the Gram-negative bacterium Ralstonia paucula (formerly Alcaligenes sp. CDC group IVc-2) completely degraded methylenediurea and dimethylenetriurea to urea, ammonia, formaldehyde, and carbon dioxide. The enzyme initiating this degradation (methylenediurease) was purified and turned out to be different from the previously described enzyme from Ochrobactrum anthropi with regard to its regulation of expression and physicobiochemical properties. Fungal degradation of methyleneureas may occur via the formation of organic acids, thus leading to a nonenzymatic degradation of methyleneureas, which are unstable under acidic conditions.     

食品废弃物厌氧酸化的条件以及聚羟基烷酸酯的生物合成

研究了利用食品废弃物进行厌氧酸化的各种条件。结果表明，当食品废弃物与水的质量比为1：3、食品废弃物厌氧酸化液pH值为6．5以及酸化温度为30℃时，对酸化后废液中各有机酸的产生有利，酸化过程中总有机酸产量最大为25～35g／L，特别当在食品废弃物厌氧酸化液中加入丁酸梭菌活菌制剂后，酸化过程发生了显著的变化。本文还研究了真氧产碱杆菌(Raltonia eutropha)利用食品废弃物厌氧酸化生成的有机酸进行聚羟基烷酸酯(polyhydroxyal-kanoates)合成的摇瓶分批发酵过程，图5参11。     

Ralstonia eutropha菌株镉抗性调节基因CzcR的克隆与序列测定

G-细菌镉抗性决定子是一个编码4个蛋白的CzcCBAD操纵子,参照GenBank已登录Czc基因序列进行引物设计,利用PCR技术,从可在含350mg/LCdCl2的培养基上生长的抗镉菌株Ralstoniaeutropha质粒中,扩增出长度约为1200bp的革兰氏阴性细菌镉抗性系统中的抗性调节基因CzcR,然后将其亚克隆到pGEM-T-easy载体上,并转化至受体菌中,构建重组质粒,采用碱性裂解法提取质粒DNA后,经EcoRI酶切分析和核苷酸序列分析,其与GenBank中登录的CzcR基因序列相似性高达98%,显示其具有正确的CzcR基因核苷酸序列。镉抗性基因的获得将大大推动对微生物抗重金属机理的研究,并为进一步构建耐镉基因工程菌,高效净化重金属污染环境打下坚实的基础。     

皮氏罗尔斯通氏菌DX-T3-01苯酚降解特性及动力学

筛选自德兴铜矿对重金属Cd2+有较强抗性的皮氏罗尔斯通菌DX-T3-01菌株,经驯化发现其对苯酚也有较强的降解能力。通过正交实验确定了该菌株苯酚降解最佳条件为:30℃、pH 7.0、转速150 r/min、接种量1%(V/V),并探讨了外加碳源和重金属对苯酚降解的影响。在最佳苯酚降解条件下,初始苯酚浓度为500 mg/L的苯酚经56 h后可降解至检测限,最高可降解苯酚浓度为800 mg/L。当初始苯酚浓度300～600 mg/L时,菌株降解苯酚的动力学过程符合Monod零级反应模型。     

利用剩余污泥水解酸化液合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥水解酸化产物为原料,研究了罗氏真养菌(Ralstonia eutropha)H16在水解酸化液中的生长规律和聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)积累特性,同时分析了H16对水解酸化液中各种有机酸组分的利用规律. 结果表明,以剩余污泥52℃中温水解酸化48h的水解酸化液为培养基,在HAc水解酸化液(C/N/P=100/10/1, TOC＝2881mg/L,乙酸占总有机酸含量36.1%)中,H16最先利用乙酸和正丁酸来进行自身的生长和PHAs的合成,合成的主要产物是聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB);随后开始利用丙酸和正戊酸,在此过程中聚羟基戊酸酯(PHV)的含量也逐步上升,菌体量同步增长, H16在40h左右处于平稳期,并且达到最大积累率为12.51%(占菌体干重);最后利用的是异丁酸和异戊酸,但是此时H16已经进入衰亡期,菌体量和PHAs合成率都在下降.当以HVa水解酸化液(C/N/P=100/10/1, TOC＝2358mg/L,异戊酸占总有机酸含量29.0%)为培养基时, H16在18h达到生长的峰值,24h达到PHAs合成率的最大值为32.14%(占菌体干重),PHV为PHAs的主要形式.     

以汽油为底物好氧共代谢三氯乙烯

三氯乙烯(trichloroethylene,TCE)是土壤和地下水中广泛存在的有机污染物,好氧生物降解因可将污染物彻底转化成无毒的终产物,一直受到广泛关注,但是TCE好氧降解需要共代谢底物。首次提出以汽油为底物,选取真养产碱杆菌作为活性降解菌株,对地下水中三氯乙烯的好氧共代谢降解进行了初步研究。分别优化了共代谢底物、底物与TCE浓度比、培养基、pH值、盐度、溶解氧等条件,确定了最佳降解条件。当水中TCE的浓度为1 mg/L时,通过对体系预曝氧气,调节汽油浓度为10 mg/L,pH值为5,降解24 h,TCE的降解率可达66.8%。为修复同时被汽油和TCE污染的场地提供了一个新的研究方向。     

Synthesis of 2-furyl-4-arylidene-5(4H)-oxazolones as new potent antibacterial agents against phyto-pathogenic and nitrifying bacteria

Crop losses due to bacterial pathogens are a major global concern. Most of the available pesticides for these pathogens suffer from various drawbacks such as complicated synthesis, high cost, high toxicity, pesticide resistance and environmental hazards. To overcome these drawbacks, the present study was undertaken to find a potent bactericide. Therefore, a series of compounds comprising bioactive furyl and oxazolone rings was synthesized under microwave irradiation and screened for in vitro antibacterial activity. The reactions were completed in fewer than 2 minutes with minimal use of solvents and resulted in high yields. These compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against plant pathogens, Xanthomonas oryzae, Ralstonia solanacearum and nitrifying bacteria, Nitrosomonas species under laboratory conditions. Five compounds were active as antibacterial agents against Xanthomonas oryzae and Ralstonia solanacearum. However, all compounds were effective against the Nitrosomonas species and the best one was 2-furyl-4-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-5(4H)-oxazolone. The study revealed the fast and environmentally friendly synthesis of bioactive title compounds, which also hold promise to be used as prototypes for the discovery of potent analogues.