The Role of Translocation in Recovery of Woodland Caribou Populations

Abstract: Maintenance of viable populations of many endangered species will require conservation action in perpetuity. Efforts to conserve these species are more likely to be successful if their reliance on conservation actions is assessed at the population level. Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) were extirpated recently from Banff National Park, Canada, and translocations of caribou to Banff and neighboring Jasper National Park are being considered. We used population viability analysis to assess the relative need for and benefits from translocation of individuals among caribou populations. We measured stochastic growth rates and the probability of quasi extinction of four populations of woodland caribou with and without translocation. We used two vital rates in our analysis: mean adult female survival and mean number of calves per breeding‐age female as estimates of mean fecundity. We isolated process variance for each vital rate. Our results suggested the Tonquin caribou population in Jasper is likely to remain viable without translocation, but that translocation is probably insufficient to prevent eventual extirpation of the two other populations in Jasper. Simulated reintroductions of caribou into Banff resulted in a 53–98% probability of >8 females remaining after 20 years, which suggests translocation may be an effective recovery tool for some caribou populations.     

Don’t Fight the Site: Three Geomorphic Considerations in Catchment-Scale River Rehabilitation Planning

Three geomorphic considerations that underpin the design and implementation of realistic and strategic river conservation and rehabilitation programs that work with the nature are outlined. First, the importance of appreciating the inherent diversity of river forms and processes is discussed. Second, river dynamics are appraised, framing the contemporary behavioral regime of a reach in relation to system evolution to explain changes to river character and behavior over time. Third, the trajectory of a reach is framed in relation to downstream patterns of river types, analyzing landscape connectivity at the catchment scale to interpret geomorphic river recovery potential. The application of these principles is demonstrated using extensive catchment-scale analyses of geomorphic river responses to human disturbance in the Bega and Upper Hunter catchments in southeastern Australia. Differing implications for reach- and catchment-scale rehabilitation planning prompt the imperative that management practices work with nature rather than strive to ‘fight the site.’     

碳酸根对磷酸钙沉淀反应回收磷的影响简

以模拟的厌氧消化液为处理对象，通过小试实验，考察不同初始磷浓度C_P、Ca/P物质的量比、pH和温度下，碳酸根（CO₃^2-）对磷酸钙沉淀反应回收磷的影响；利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对沉淀产物进行表征。结果表明，高浓度的CO₃^2-对以磷酸钙沉淀反应去除和回收磷的效率影响较大；C_P相同时，CO₃^2-浓度（C_CO3^2-）越大，P的去除率越低，低C_P（20 mg/L）时尤为显著；当C_CO3^2-相同时，随着C_P的增大，反应速率加快，P的去除率逐渐升高，但升高幅度越来越小；增大Ca/P比和pH能提高P的去除率，降低CO₃^2-对磷酸钙沉淀反应的抑制作用，综合考虑实际效果，应选择Ca/P比为3.33，pH为9.0作为适宜的反应条件；升高温度对降低CO₃^2-对磷酸钙沉淀反应的抑制作用贡献不大。在C_P为60 mg/L，Ca/P比为1.67，pH为9.0，温度为20℃的条件下，当C _CO3^2-为0时，得到的沉淀产物主要为羟基磷灰石HAP；当C _CO3^2-为30 mmol/L时，得到的沉淀产物为磷酸钙和碳酸合磷灰石的混合物。     

垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液MBR-NF截留液中腐植酸的超滤分离回收

垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液MBR-NF膜截留液因含有高浓度的难降解有机物和无机盐而难以处理。考虑其所含有机物大部分为腐植酸,可加于资源利用。本研究采用超滤对MBR-NF膜截留液中的腐植酸进行分离回收。实验结果表明,超滤能有效分离截留液中有机物和无机盐离子,分离因子与体积浓缩倍数(CF)呈良好的线性关系;回收样品的腐植酸含量达到36 g/L以上,重金属含量低于相关标准限值,表明采用超滤分离回收垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液MBR-NF截留液中的腐植酸是可行的。     

液-固流化床回收印刷线路板中金属的研究

根据废弃印刷线路板中材料密度不同，采用水介质流化床对印刷线路板粉末中的金属进行回收，对0.25～0.177、0.177～0.104、0.104～0.074和-0.074 mm 4个粒级范围内的物料进行分选试验。试验结果表明，在上述4个粒级范围内，随介质流速的增大，金属回收率降低；金属回收率η与实际操作速度（ua）和颗粒终端沉降速度（ut）的比值φ（ua/ut）存在一定线性关系，分析模拟了η与φ之间的相关性方程，外推试验的结果证明了相关性方程的可靠性；在合适的操作条件下，各粒级范围内金属的回收率分别为95.02%、90.07%、87.5%和92.68%。     

提高油田伴生气回收率的研究与应用

文章阐述了陆梁油田在开发过程中采用油气混输技术、天然气发电机橇技术、锅炉烧湿气等技术,将伴生气回收率提高至92.10%;油气混输技术能够实现边缘区块油气全密闭输送;集中处理站锅炉燃烧湿气技术可增加处理站天然气外输气量,降低运行成本;小型活动天然气发电机橇的应用,可以充分利用富裕天然气降低生产成本,同时减少富裕天然气火炬放空燃烧量,收到了良好的经济效益和环境效益。     

Testing The Pearl Hypothesis: Natural resources and trust

Do natural resources reduce social trust? This paper reviews the literature on natural resources and on trust. The existing theoretical and empirical literature suggests that natural resources can reduce trust through several indirect mechanisms. Notably, studies show that natural resources lead to institutional degradation, corruption, inequality, and civil war, all of which have been associated with reduced trust. In addition, game theoretical work on windfall gains suggests that there may be direct effect of natural resources on trust. This paper tests empirically whether there is a direct effect of natural resources on trust (The Pearl Hypothesis), using cross-country data. The results indicate that no such direct effect exists, but we find a significant effect on trust of intermediate variables affected by natural resources, such as institutions, corruption, inequality and/or civil war. Importantly, the relationship between corruption and trust turns out to be non-linear, indicating that the effect of natural resources on trust depends on the initial corruption level of a country. In highly corrupt societies, institutional improvements that reduce corruption may also undermine trust, which poses difficult challenges for anti-corruption policy.     

树脂法去除并回收富营养化河涌水中的磷

磷作为一种重要的元素而被广泛应用于农业与工业中,然而磷的过量排放已成为许多封闭半封闭水体富营养化和沿海赤潮频繁发生的原因之一.去除水体中的营养盐特别是磷酸盐,是有效控制水体富营养化的关键.广州市某河涌水含总磷2.6 mg/L,采用并选择DS离子交换树脂对水中磷进行动态吸附和去除,可使水中的磷降至排放标准以内,解决河涌水含磷高的富营养化问题.由DS树脂所吸附的磷,通过淋洗可得到含磷富集液,使磷从水体中完全分离出来并获得回收.DS树脂的再生能力强,经6次吸附-解吸-再生后,树脂对河涌水中磷的去除率仍可达到90％以上.     

Value of information in product recovery decisions: a Bayesian approach

There is a widespread recognition of the need for better information sharing and provision to improve the viability of end-of-life (EOL) product recovery operations. The emergence of automated data capture and sharing technologies such as RFID, sensors and networked databases has enhanced the ability to make product information; available to recoverers, which will help them make better decisions regarding the choice of recovery option for EOL products. However, these technologies come with a cost attached to it, and hence the question ‘what is its value?’ is critical. This paper presents a probabilistic approach to model product recovery decisions and extends the concept of Bayes' factor for quantifying the impact of product information on the effectiveness of these decisions. Further, we provide a quantitative examination of the factors that influence the value of product information, this value depends on three factors: (i) penalties for Type I and Type II errors of judgement regarding product quality; (ii) prevalent uncertainty regarding product quality and (iii) the strength of the information to support/contradict the belief. Furthermore, we show that information is not valuable under all circumstances and derive conditions for achieving a positive value of information.     

电解法处理含镍废水及纯镍的回收

采用电解回收法处理Ni2+含量为2g/L的废水,在阴极回收纯镍。研究了电解电流、极距、NH4Cl浓度、pH值等因素对Ni2+去除率、槽压、阴极能耗的影响,得出最优工艺参数为:温度20℃,电解时间20min时、电解电流300mA,极距15mm,NH4Cl浓度5g/L,pH值8.0,该条件下Ni2+去除率为96.926%,槽压16.21V,阴极能耗22.418kW.h/kg,在阴极可得到沉积6.45μm厚的镍板。