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31.
In a previous paper, we reported that juvenile barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) trapped during the autumn migratory season and tested in modified Emlen funnels under overcast conditions can use magnetic
information for compass orientation, although they did not orient toward the expected migratory direction. To further investigate
this behaviour, in the present paper, we report the results of two series of displacement experiments performed on juvenile
barn swallows belonging to two different roost sites [Massaciuccoli Lake (ML) and Terzo Cavone (TC)] and tested using the
same protocol as that previously adopted. On the whole, the outcome of the ML and TC experiments was quite different with
respect to (a) the degree of bird activity within the funnel (substantially lower for TC) and (b) the effect of the experimental
displacement on the directional preferences of the tested subjects (not detectable in TC, while evident in ML swallows). Taken
together, these results suggest that migrating swallows could react differently to the experimental tests depending on the
roost site where they were caught. Indeed, TC swallows, trapped in southern Italy, close to the seacoast, and characterized
by fairly large amounts of fat stores, mainly broke off their migratory activity or reoriented their directional preferences
toward inland sites, possibly in search of more profitable habitats. On the other hand, ML swallows, trapped about 660 km
to the north and characterized by lower amounts of fat stores, apparently tried to compensate for the experimental displacement.
相似文献
N. Emilio BaldacciniEmail: |
32.
The technical progress causes that increasing number of used devices presents a threat for environment, particularly in the rural areas. It can be prevented by organizing a proper system of waste disposal. Currently, the most important problem to solve is recycling of vehicles. The key element for the improvement of the functioning of the recycling network in Poland is to redesign the system so that it will allow for a reduction of the total cost related to the vehicle recycling. This paper presents a modelling approach that could be used to establish one important part of the reverse logistics (RL) network for end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) by defining the optimum locations for dismantling facilities. The proposed modelling approach is illustrated using Mazovia province in Poland as an example. The optimization criteria for the location of the elements of the recycling network are the components of the total cost of the ELV's recycling. Due to high complexity of the model a genetic algorithm has been adapted for solving the model and getting a good solution in a reasonable run time. The criteria of optimization was cost of the following processes: transportation, storage, and dismantling of ELVs. The results of simulation proved that the transportation costs of parts and materials may amount to about 70%, and that the cost of dismantling may exceed 25% of the total cost of recycling. The obtained results confirmed that genetic algorithm method can be used effectively to location the ELV's dismantling facilities. The effect of changing the location of processing facilities on the location of dismantling stations was also studied. The developed model is universal and may be used to determine the locations of different kinds of facilities organized in a reverse recycling network. 相似文献
33.
W.L. Bourcier T.J. Wolery T. Wolfe C. Haussmann T.A. Buscheck R.D. Aines 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011,5(5):1319-1328
The risk associated with storage of carbon dioxide in the subsurface can be reduced by removal of a comparable volume of existing brines (e.g. Buscheck et al., 2011). In order to avoid high costs for disposal, the brines should be processed into useful forms such as fresh and low-hardness water. We have carried out a cost analysis of treatment of typical subsurface saline waters found in sedimentary basins, compared with conventional seawater desalination. We have also accounted for some cost savings by utilization of potential well-head pressures at brine production wells, which may be present in some fields due to CO2 injection, to drive desalination using reverse osmosis. Predicted desalination costs for brines having salinities equal to seawater are about half the cost of conventional seawater desalination when we assume the energy can be obtained from excess pressure at the well head. These costs range from 32 to 40¢ per m3 permeate produced. Without well-head energy recovery, the costs are from 60 to 80¢ per m3 permeate. These costs do not include the cost of any brine production or brine reinjection wells, or pipelines to the well field, or other site-dependent factors. 相似文献
34.
Reverse logistics and green product design are green supply chain management practices that are being implemented to demonstrate firm's commitment to environmental sustainability. The generation of waste from electrical and electronic equipments prompts the viability of product recovery to salvage invested material and energy. Selection of various reverse logistics product disposition options relies on products’ residual value and the accessibility of reusable content for re-entry in forward supply chain. This study explores the effect of green product design and resource commitment on reverse logistics product disposition by employing empirical analysis on 89 returned mail survey received from ISO14001 certified electrical and electronic manufacturing firms in Malaysia. The results indicated that design for disassembly is necessary to harvest valuable inventories from every product disposition options except of disposal whereas design for environment and commitment of resources have slight influence on repair and disposal activities. As the evidences show that green product design and reverse logistics product disposition are interrelated, firms ought to undertake environmentally proactive approaches to generate benefits from resources that are undeservingly discarded as landfill waste. 相似文献
35.
36.
Boleda MA Galceran MA Ventura F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1584-1591
The behavior along the potabilization process of 29 pharmaceuticals and 12 drugs of abuse identified from a total of 81 compounds at the intake of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) has been studied. The DWTP has a common treatment consisting of dioxychlorination, coagulation/flocculation and sand filtration and then water is splitted in two parallel treatment lines: conventional (ozonation and carbon filtration) and advanced (ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis) to be further blended, chlorinated and distributed. Full removals were reached for most of the compounds. Iopromide (up to 17.2 ng/L), nicotine (13.7 ng/L), benzoylecgonine (1.9 ng/L), cotinine (3.6 ng/L), acetaminophen (15.6 ng/L), erythromycin (2.0 ng/L) and caffeine (6.0 ng/L) with elimination efficiencies ≥94%, were the sole compounds found in the treated water. The advanced treatment process showed a slightly better efficiency than the conventional treatment to eliminate pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse. 相似文献
37.
The organic matter present in the concentrate streams generated from reverse osmosis (RO) based municipal wastewater reclamation processes poses environmental and health risks on its disposal to the receiving environment (e.g., estuaries, bays). The potential of a biological activated carbon (BAC) process combined with pre-oxidation using a UVC/H2O2 advanced oxidation process for treating a high salinity (TDS ∼ 10 000 mg L−1) municipal wastewater RO concentrate (ROC) was evaluated at lab scale during 90 d of operation. The combined treatment reduced the UVA254 and colour of the ROC to below those for the influent of the RO process (i.e., biologically treated secondary effluent), and the reductions in DOC and COD were approximately 60% and 50%, respectively. UVC/H2O2 was demonstrated to be an effective means of converting the recalcitrant organic compounds in the ROC into biodegradable substances which were readily removed by the BAC process, leading to a synergistic effect of the combined treatment in degrading the organic matter. The tests using various BAC feed concentrations suggested that the biological treatment was robust and consistent for treating the high salinity ROC. Using Microtox analysis no toxicity was detected for the ROC after the combined treatment, and the trihalomethane formation potential was reduced from 3.5 to 2.8 mg L−1. 相似文献
38.
Jian Wang Qun Wang Xueli Gao Xinxia Tian Yangyang Wei Zhen Cao Chungang Guo Huifeng Zhang Zhun Ma Yushan Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(1):6
39.
Jung-Tang Hsueh 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(14):1209-1220
This study presents processes to evaluate the optimal collecting strategy (CS) in reverse logistic (RL) for the downstream part of the Taiwan photovoltaic industry (TPI). It combines the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with the technique for ordering preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS). The criteria and sub-criteria were initially established to assess the related benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR). AHP was then used to obtain the weightings of the criteria and sub-criteria and TOPSIS was used to rank the optimal collection strategy in terms of its overall evaluation criteria. The AHP and TOPSIS method provides decision makers with a valuable reference for assessing the optimal collection strategy of TPI downstream. The results of the study should provide decision makers in the downstream TPI with academic support and valuable guidance for evaluating their collection program and obtain optimal strategies for administering RL practices. 相似文献
40.
在2010年前后全球范围内出现“大气静止”恢复、近地面风速反弹上升的现象。然而这一风速反弹现象对我国湖泊的影响尚不清楚。通过对全国745个气象监测站观测数据进行空间插值提取湖泊近地面风速时间序列,使用分段线性回归分析了我国面积>1km2的湖泊和87个重点监测湖泊风速反弹现象的特征。结果显示,全国面积>1km2的湖泊有71.59%出现风速反弹现象,但是东部沿海地区和新疆东部地区湖泊未出现风速反弹,重点监测的富营养化湖泊只有43.08%出现风速反弹。同时,出现风速反弹的湖泊风速转折点年份分散。预计风速反弹现象在未来短期内可能有利于我国湖泊富营养化治理,但在未来长期内气候变化将出现风速下降现象,可能对湖泊富营养化治理造成不利影响。 相似文献