战略环境评价(SEA)及其研究进展

战略环境评价(SEA)是目前环境评价领域中令人关注的前沿课题 .本文对 SEA的提出和发展进行了回顾 ,对国外开展SEA的实践进行了归纳分析 ,探讨了 SEA的作用、区域特征、评价因素、基本程序、技术方法和机制 ,论述了 SEA与项目 EIA的关系 ,并介绍了香港和内地 SEA的初步实践 .     

城市规划环境影响评价中公众参与研究方法与案例

围绕规划环境影响评价中公众参与方案的有效性,以城市规划的环境影响评价为例,从城市规划和规划环境影响评价的特点出发,综合运用自上而下的分析手段和利益相关者研究方法,建立了城市规划环境影响评价开展公众调查的研究框架,将社会学调查方法有机地纳入规划环境影响评估方法学体系.以大连市城市发展规划环境影响评价为案例,讨论该研究框架在实践中的应用.     

区域发展战略环境影响跟踪评价初步研究

本文依据区域发展战略环境影响跟踪评价内涵,结合我国实践需要,阐明区域发展战略环境影响跟踪评价技术路线和内容,并进一步提出相关政策建议。研究指出,开展区域发展战略环境影响跟踪评价应坚持基于生态环境需求优先的技术路线、提高跟踪评价的战略性和开展战略环境影响跟踪评价试点。     

EIA application in China's expressway infrastructure: clarifying the decision-making hierarchy

China's EIA Law came into effect in 2003 and formally requires road transport infrastructure development actions to be subject to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). EIAs (including project EIA and plan EIA, or strategic environmental impact assessment, SEA) have been being widely applied in the expressway infrastructure planning field. Among those applications, SEA is applied to provincial level expressway network (PLEI) plans, and project EIA is applied to expressway infrastructure development 'projects' under PLEI plans. Three case studies (one expressway project EIA and two PLEI plan SEAs) were examined to understand currently how EIAs are applied to expressway infrastructure development planning. Through the studies, a number of problems that significantly influence the quality of EIA application in the field were identified. The reasons causing those problems are analyzed and possible solutions are suggested aimed at enhancing EIA practice, helping deliver better decision-making and ultimately improving the environmental performance of expressway infrastructure.     

大型矿区规划环评中的大气环境影响预测

文章从大型矿区规划环境影响评价的提出和研究现状出发,结合所作的榆神、榆横、神东等多个大型矿区规划环境影响评价实际工作,提出了多源叠加的高斯模型法、箱式模型法、面源模型法等多种可以用于模拟矿区大气环境影响的方法,并分析了各种方法的适用性及其难点,根据分析结果,将多源叠加的高斯模型法和箱式模型法分别应用于榆神矿区和神东矿区的大气环境影响预测中。预测结果表明,多源叠加的高斯模型法灵活多变,而箱模式简单易行。     

Uncertainty analysis on aquatic environmental impacts of urban land use change

Uncertainties hamper the implementation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA). In order to quantitatively characterize the uncertainties of environmental impacts, this paper develops an integrated methodology through uncertainty analysis on land use change, which combines the scenario analysis approach, stochastic simulation technique, and statistics. Dalian city in China was taken as a case study in the present work. The results predict that the Fuzhou River poses the highest environmental pollution risk with a probability of 89.63% for COD in 2020. Furthermore, the Biliu River, Fuzhou River, Zhuang River, and Dasha River have 100% probabilities for NH₃-N. NH₃-N is a more critical pollutant than COD for all rivers. For COD, industry is the critical pollution source for all rivers except the Zhuang River. For NH₃-N, agriculture is the critical pollution source for the Biliu River, Yingna River, and Dasha River, sewage for the Fuzhou River and Zhuang River, and industry for the Dengsha River. This methodology can provide useful information, such as environmental risk, environmental pressure, and extremely environmental impact, especially under considerations of uncertainties. It can also help to ascertain the significance of each pollution source and its priority for control in urban planning.     

中国战略环境评价（SEA）研究进展及发展趋势

自1990年战略环境评价引入中国以来,SEA在中国已经有了很大发展。中国政府已于2002年颁布了《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》（以下称“环评法”）,该法中明确规定了对各级政府制定的规划需要进行SEA。通过运用资料调查和文献分析等方法,针对环评法实施后中国SEA实践和学术研究成果进行分析,并探讨中国SEA主要层次一规划环境影响评价的研究现状,总结发展特点;结合中国国情提出中国SEA发展趋势。     

论公众参与环境影响评价制度

概述了环境影响评价制度的涵义,分析了传统公众参与环境影响评价制度的缺失,并提出解决机制缺失的对策,尤其强调工业生态学理念的重要性。环境评价与环境公共政策的有机结合对于环境影响评价制度的完善有着较强的理论可操作性与实践意义.     

战略环评确定排污总量方法的探讨

针对战略环评中结构和布局具有不确定性的特点,允许排污总量量化的确定比较困难的现实,结合案例分析了允许排污总量与环境容量平衡的评价方法,充分考虑环境容纳能力,通过对容量进行调度,产生对产业结构和工业布局的影响,实现经济、社会和环境协调发展。     

Research on Public Participation and Information Publicity in Strategic Environmental Assessment

Abstract

It has been generally recognized that strategic environmental assessment integrates environment and development into decision-making and becomes an important decision-making tool for implementing sustainable development. This paper firstly introduces the relationships of SEA, public participation(PP)and information publicity(IP), then discusses the key parts in enforcing the effective process of PP: They are the methods for how to make sufficient information open (What), when to implement PP (When), who will determinate the public (Who), and how to make the models of PP (How). Six cases are compared and analyzed. At last, ways to improve the effectiveness of PP in China is also presented.