垃圾填埋场细菌种群空间分布及组成多样性研究

采用PCR-DGGE技术对垃圾填埋场细菌种群垂直分布及组成多样性进行了研究．结果表明：垃圾填埋场细菌种群组成波动较大,某些种群对环境因子的变化十分敏感．在填埋年龄已达3a的取样点,细菌种群的多样性随着垃圾填埋深度的增加而呈现“多—少—多”的变化趋势。各种群间相对密度也呈现由不均一到均一的变化规律,部分层次优势种和非优势种发生较大变化．填埋深度4．0m至6．25m左右的区域是填埋场微生物区系组成发生变化的过渡区,该区域细菌种群的多样性较小,亲缘关系相差比较大的种交叉在一起,具有明显的过渡特征．从时间因素来看,填埋场同层次微生物群落组成随时间延长,种群构成趋于稳定．表层垃圾1～2a内,细菌种群处于交替更叠的阶段,日趋发育成熟．8．25m以下层次的细菌种群主要受填埋深度影响,与填埋时间关系较小。     

离子色谱法测定化工废水中有机醇胺类化合物

采用固相萃取-离子色谱法同时测定化工废水中乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺和N-丁基二乙醇胺等5种有机醇胺类化合物。通过试验,对固相萃取、离子色谱条件进行优化,优选C_(18)为固相萃取填料,使方法在1.10 mg/L～26.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法的检出限为0.72 mg/L～1.02 mg/L。废水样品3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为84.0%～101%,测定6次结果的RSD为1.7%～12.0%。将该方法用于医药化工企业废水的测定,结果部分醇胺类化合物检出。     

Toward separation at source: Evolution of Municipal Solid Waste management in China

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in China has been transitioning from a mixed collection and treatment system to a separated collection and treatment system. The continuous rise of MSW treatment capacity and the optimization of technology structure provided basic facility support for China to promote MSW separation at source. China preferred a four-type separation system. Regulated recycling should be enhanced to improve the efficiency and sustainability of recycling industry. As food waste is the main composition of MSW in China, 20%–30% of the food waste diversion and land application could maximize the comprehensive environmental performance. Incineration is to be the pillar technology in MSW separated treatment system in China.     

沈阳市工业固体废物排放总量控制

阐述了沈阳市工业固体废物基数核定方法及结果，总量控制基本原则，控制目标，控制措施，控制效果．     

活性污泥中需氧量的研究现状及供氧系统的节能技术

叙述了国内外活性污泥法中需氧量的研究过程及微孔曝气系统的节能技术，对微孔曝气器与穿孔曝管进行对比，证实前者较后者节电４４％．     

固体废物管理技术进展

概述了固体废物管理技术近年来的主要进展,这些进展包括,固体废物从“摇蓝到坟墓”的全过程管理,即从废物产生到收集、运输贮存,再循环,再利用,处理直至最终处理过程所涉及到的：废物最小量化管理技术;废物转移跟踪管理中产生者,运输者,处理处理者,主管当局的职责、主管当局的职责,义务和管理方式;废物经营者向主管当局申请许可证的程序和申请。时,对废物交换制度和废物管理信息系统也作了概要介绍。     

Determination of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after molecularly imprinted polymer extraction

A solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) is described for the quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), as ubiquitous environmental pollutants routinely measured in air quality monitoring. A SPE cartridge was used based on a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP-SPE) properly tailored for selective retention of PAHs with 4 and more benzene fused rings. The performance of the clean-up procedure was evaluated with the specific concern of selective purification towards saturated hydrocarbons, which are the PM components mostly interfering GC analysis of target PAHs. Under optimized operative conditions, the MIP-SPE provided analyte recovery close to 95% for heavier PAHs, from benzo(α)pyrene to benzo(ghi)perylene, and close to 90% for four benzene rings PAHs, with good reproducibility (RSDs: 2.5%-5.9%). Otherwise, C₁₇-C₃₂ n-alkanes were nearly completely removed. The proposed method was critically compared with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) using a polyacrylate fiber. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ambient PM_2.5 samples collected at an urban polluted site. Between the two procedures, the MIP-SPE provided the highest recovery (R% ≥ 93%) for PAHs with 5 and more benzene rings, but lower for lighter PAHs. In contrast, SPME showed a mean acceptable R% value (∼ 80%) for all the investigated PAHs, except for the heaviest PAHs in the most polluted samples (R%: 110%-138%), suggesting an incomplete purification from the interfering n-hydrocarbons.     

聚乙烯塑料类固体废弃物热裂化研究

在反应温度455-495℃,氢气压力0.1～4.0MPa和反应时间2～12h的范围内,就聚乙烯塑料类固体废弃物热裂化时温度、压力和反应时间的影响以及不同反应条件下产物的碳数分布、馏程变化进行了探讨,得出适合于生产柴油馏分的反应条件是温度475℃,常压或低压,反应时间4h等。     

我国城市垃圾产量预测

运用统计预测的方法对我国城市垃圾产量进行了预测 ,并对各时期的预测结果进行分段分析 ,阐明了影响全国垃圾产量的因素及其贡献大小。     

固体废物取样,制样方法研究

要采取、制备具有代表性的固体废物样品，从而获得精确的、可靠的监测分析数据，就必须要有科学化、标准化、规范化的样品采取和制备方法。该文对废对取样误差１取样量、取样数、取样点、取样法和制样法等６个方面的问题进行了较详细的论述，为制定我国的固体废物采样、制样技术、制样 重要依据。