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11.
F.?L.?Toma G.?Bertrand D.?KleinEmail author C.?Coddet 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(3):117-121
We studied the removal of nitrogen oxides pollutants via TiO2 Degussa P25 powder by photocatalysis. Parameters such as mass of catalyst, geometric irradiated surface, catalyst morphology, and thermal treatment were tested to explain the photocatalytic concentration decrease of nitrogen oxides. According to our working conditions, the conversion rates increased until an optimal value of the TiO2 weight, 35% of NO concentration and around 20% of NOx, was decomposed by the photocatalysis. The NOx removal increased proportionally with the irradiated geometric surface. The structural transformation of anatase to rutile performed by thermal treatment involved the decrease of the photocatalytic activity. 相似文献
12.
F. Benoit-Marquié C. de Montety V. Gilard R. Martino M. T. Maurette M. Malet-Martino 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(2):93-97
We studied the hydrolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis of the pesticide dichlorvos at pH 2.6–9 using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR). We found that the hydrolysis of dichlorvos led to the formation of dimethyl phosphate at pH 5.6–9. On the other hand, TiO2 photocatalysis decomposed dichlorvos into dimethyl phosphate, which further reacted to form monomethyl phosphate at pH 2.6 and 9. Monomethylphosphate was hydrolysed into phosphate at pH 2.6. 31P NMR is therefore a promising tool to study the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides. 相似文献
13.
在研究氯化钾介质中铈(Ⅲ)、铅(Ⅱ)的荧光性质基础上,提出了快速测定铈、铅的荧光分析法。在实验条件下,用262.5nm紫外光激发,以120nm/min扫描300~520nm的发射光谱。其在352.4nm处峰高与2.0×10-8~2.0×10-6mol/LCe3-,在485.0nm处峰高与4.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol/LPb2-,存在线性关系。该法用于标准水系沉积物分析,结果与标准值无显著性差异。Ce ̄(3+)和Pb ̄(2+)的检出限分别为1.5×10-8和2.0×10-7mol/L。 相似文献
14.
一种光催化体系光催化降解苯胺的研究 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
以钛酸丁酯为原料.以膨润土为载体,用酸性溶胶法合成TiO2纳米复合物,并利用该复合物作催化剂,在H2O2存在下进行光催化降解苯胺溶液。结果表明,该催化剂在UV/H2O2系统中对苯胺溶液有很好的光催化降解效果,其效果优于纯TiO2;H2O2的存在提高了苯胺光催化降解速率,在本实验条件下其最佳摩尔浓度是5mmol/L;溶液pH是影响反应速率的重要因素.pH在中性范围内具有更强的光催化活性;该体系中苯胺能够有效地被降解,其光催化反应遵循一级反应动力学规律。 相似文献
15.
Helen A. Cruse Jonathan E.H. Buston Luc N. Véchot Graham A. Tickle Ralph Rowlands 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2011,89(6):415-423
This paper describes part of a programme of work undertaken at the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) to investigate the behaviour of selected water-reactive chemicals. Following an accidental release, such substances react exothermically with any water present, generating acidic vapours. The STAWaRS (Source Term Assessment of Water Reactive Substances) software was developed for the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) by ESR Technology to model this complex process. The aims of the study described here were to provide experimental validation of the heats of hydrolysis used within STAWaRS, and to perform sensitivity studies on selected STAWaRS input parameters.The heat of hydrolysis of acetyl chloride was measured and showed good correlation with the value used within STAWaRS. Some of the variables that influence the severity of acetyl chloride spills are examined, with reference to predictions made by the STAWaRS model. The heats of hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride previously measured at HSL are also discussed, and the effect of adopting these experimentally derived values for modelling spills is shown for a hypothetical land use planning case. This study demonstrates the importance of using experimentally validated values for STAWaRS input parameters. 相似文献
16.
铕掺杂纳米二氧化钛光催化实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以钛酸丁酯为原料,乙醇为溶剂,硝酸为抑制剂。采用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米粒子TiO2,用30w的紫外光灯模拟光源,溴甲酚紫模拟水中难降解的有机污染物,采用稀土铕掺杂的方法来提高TiO2的活性。XRD研究结果表明,稀土铕掺杂TiO2没有改变纳米TiO2的晶相结构;光催化结果表明,稀土铕掺杂的确能较明显的提高TiO2的光催化降解能力。90min内达到降解率由80%提高到98%以上。 相似文献
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19.
Elina?PortjanskajaEmail author Marina?Krichevskaya Sergei?Preis Juha?Kallas 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(3):123-127
The photocatalytic oxidation of humic substances in aqueous solutions and natural waters with TiO2 attached to buoyant, hollow glass micro-spheres was studied. A maximum oxidation efficiency of 3.6 mg W–1 h–1 was achieved in neutral or alkaline media at a plane surface concentration of the catalyst attached to the micro-spheres of 25 g m–2. Proceeding by different mechanisms in acidic and alkaline media, the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency did not benefit from an excessive presence of hydroxyl radical promoters, hydrogen peroxide and alkali. 相似文献
20.
Jochen Kurz Florian Eberle Tobias GraumannMariel-Esther Kaschel Aline SährFrank Neumann Alexander H. DalpkeLothar Erdinger 《Chemosphere》2011,84(9):1188-1193
TiO2 coated surfaces are able to generate highly reactive oxidizing species under mild UV-A light exposure in the presence of water and oxygen. We have demonstrated that these radicals are sufficient to eliminate different pathogenic bacteria, by breaking their cell walls. The photocatalytic activity of surfaces coated with titanium dioxide offers therefore an alternative possibility of disinfection. However, restriction of bacterial growth does not protect surfaces from bacterial derived contaminations, such as endotoxins. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Ribonuclease A (RNAse A) represent the two most abundant contaminations, causing severe problems in biomedical and immunological research as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to their high stability, complete removal of these contaminants is technically challenging. Using irradiated TiO2 coated glass plates, RNAse A and LPS containing contaminations could be completely inactivated. By establishing highly sensitive immuno-based assays, destruction of the contaminants was quantified and shown to be independent of the initial concentrations, following a zero-order reaction. Exposure for 96 h resulted in a reduction of 11 ng of LPS and 7 units of RNase A cm−2 surface. These amounts are comparable to contamination levels found under standard working conditions. Titanium dioxide coatings provide therefore a powerful tool for auto-disinfection and self-cleaning of surfaces. 相似文献