US/UV协同催化氧化降解对氯苯酚的研究

选择掺杂过渡金属离子Fe^3 的纳米TiO2为催化剂，研究了US(超声波)／UV(紫外光)协同催化氧化水中对氯苯酚(4-CP)的降解效果，考察了对氯苯酚的起始浓度、超声波声强、溶液初始pH、饱和气体种类、反应温度和催化剂投加量对氯苯酚降解速率的影响．研究结果表明：US／UV协同催化氧化处理比单独超声波处理和光化学处理，4-CP降解速率提高了1．5～1．7倍，证实了声光联合技术具有明显的协同效应．     

浅析美国的军事与环境

近年来,人们逐渐认识到军事活动引起的环境污染和生态破坏不仅危及当代人也危及子孙后代的健康成长,并关系到政治、社会的稳定及经济的健康发展.总结了美国的主要军事污染源,浅析了美国军方有关环境保护方面的政策和措施,并对美军在环境政策上的两面性进行了探讨.     

中美公民环境诉讼比较研究

公民环境诉讼是维护公民环境权的重要制度保障，从公民环境诉讼的法律依据、性质作用、诉讼资格、受案范围以及费用承担等方面，对中美两国的环境诉讼制度进行了比较分析，旨在为完善我国的公民环境诉讼制度提供参考。     

The Reshaping of Conventional Farming: A North American Perspective

Debates over the future of agriculture in North Americaestablish a dialectical opposition between conventional,industrial agriculture and alternative, sustainable agriculture.This opposition has roots that extend back to the 18th century inthe United States, but the debate has taken a number ofsurprising turns in the 20th century. Originally articulated as aphilosophy of the left, industrial agriculture has utilitarianmoral foundations. In the US and Canada, the articulation of analternative to industrial agriculture has drawn upon threecentral themes: the belief that agriculture is, in some way, tiedto democracy; the belief that complex bureaucratic organizationsare inherently opposed to human interests; and the belief thatthe family farms characteristic of 19th century North Americatend to produce people of superior moral character. It has proveddifficult to weave these themes into a coherent vision ofagriculture for the 21st century. Often, risk and health-basedconcerns are the basis for public criticism of conventionalagriculture, but these do not conflict with the utilitarianorientation of the industrial model, and are easily incorporatedinto it. If there is to be a philosophical debate over the futureof agriculture, we must find some way to rehabilitate thequasi-Aristotelean view of agriculture that emerges from thethree critical themes noted above.     

Early Development of Systems Analysis in Natural Resources Management from Man and Nature to the Miami Conservancy District

Contemporary approaches to natural resources and environmental decision-making typically draw on a “systems” perspective to assess and improve management strategies. This paper describes the early genesis of the systems analysis approach. It concentrates on a period between the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. During the early part of this period, George Marsh's Man and Nature and related works laid out an approach to problem-solving that recognized the relationship among physically disperse elements in the environment, the need to balance benefits against costs, the potential for using quantitative modeling to understand management options, and the importance of integrating human and natural components into solutions. In the early 20th century, the Miami Conservancy District project brought this approach to fruition with its use of complex simulation and optimization modeling, detailed cost–benefit analysis, and its linking of economics, engineering, science, and law into a far-reaching solution to a complex water resources problem. The objective of this paper is to describe the early development and application of this conceptual approach to problem-solving. An examination of the origins of natural resources systems analysis can broaden one's perspective of the contemporary field to understand its roots as a philosophy for environmental problem-solving.     

Federal and state management of inland wetlands: Are states ready to assume control?

As inland wetlands face increasing pressure for development, both the federal government and individual states have begun reevaluating their respective wetland regulatory schemes. This article focuses first on the effectiveness of the past, present, and proposed federal regulations, most notably the Section 404, Dredge and Fill Permit Program, in dealing with shrinking wetland resources. The article then addresses the status of state involvement in this largely federal area, as well as state preparedness to assume primacy should federal priorities change. Finally, the subject of comprehensive legislation for wetland protection is investigated, and the article concludes with some procedural suggestions for developing a model law.     

环境损害评估:国际制度及对中国的启示

随着全社会对资源环境稀缺性和环境价值认同的不断深入,世界各国从污染防治和生态环境保护实践中逐渐形成并健全了环境损害评估制度.环境损害评估的实践活动在科学研究层面对环境法学、环境经济学、环境科学、环境工程等相关学科的发展提出了新的挑战;在应用层面不断推动相关法律法规、技术方法、工作机制、程序导则的形成和完善.在比较分析美国、欧盟、日本等环境损害评估国际实践经验的基础上,明确了环境损害评估相关概念、内涵与范畴,系统梳理了各国相关法律法规、工作机制、技术导则、评估方法、资金来源以及沟通协调等制度内容.当前我国环境损害评估理论和实践都处于起步阶段,结合我国当前严峻的环境形势和社会经济发展阶段特征,借鉴国外先进经验,提出了我国环境损害评估的定位和发展方向,对探索适合我国国情的环境损害评估制度具有重要意义.     

A discussion of the potential impacts of climate change on the shorelines of the Northeastern USA

An increase in the rate of sea-level rise and potential changes in storminess represent important components of global climate change that will likely affect the extensive coasts of the Northeastern USA. Raising sea level not only increases the likelihood of coastal flooding, but changes the template for waves and tides to sculpt the coast, which can lead to land loss orders of magnitude greater than that from direct inundation alone. There is little question that sea-level rise, and in particular an increased rate of rise, will result in permanent losses of coastal land. However, quantitative predictions of these future coastal change remains difficult due in part to the complexity of coastal systems and the influence of infrequent storm events, and is further confounded by coastal science’s insufficient understanding of the behavior of coastal systems over decadal timescales. Recently, dramatic improvements in technology have greatly improved our capabilities to investigate and characterize processes and sedimentary deposits in the coastal zone, allowing us, for the first time, to address some of the over-arching problems involved in shoreline change. Despite advances in many areas of coastal geology, our fundamental understanding of shoreline change has been limited by a lack of a broad and integrated scientific focus, a lack of resources, and a lack of willingness on the part of policymakers who make crucial decisions about human activity along the coast to support basic research in this area. Although quantitative predictions remain constrained, there remains little doubt that the predicted climates changes will have profound effects upon the Northeastern coast.     

Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the ingestion of cockle （Anadara granosa） and exposure to contaminated water and sediments along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) present in the sediment and water of Peninsular Malaysia as well as in the cockle Anadara granosa was investigated. Samples were extracted and analysed with gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The concentrations of total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (t-PAHs) were measured between 0.80 0.04 to 162.96 14.74 ng/g wet weight (ww) in sediment, between 21.85 2.18 to 76.2 10.82 ng/L in water samples and between 3.34 0.77 to 46.85 5.50 ng/g ww in the cockle tissue. The risk assessment of probable human carcinogens in the Group B2 PAHs was calculated and assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Case I in the toxicity assessment analysed the cancer risk to consumers of Malaysian blood cockle. Case II assessed the risk of cancer from exposure to PAHs from multiple pathways. The average cancer risk of case I and case II were found to be classifiable as unsafe according to the US EPA standard. The cancer risk due to c-PAHs acquired by the ingestion of blood cockle was (8.82 0.54) 10??6 to (2.67 0.06) 10??2, higher than the US EPA risk management criterion. The non-cancer risks associated with multiple pathways in Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perlis were higher than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer risk for eating blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern.