On eco-planning for an eco-demonstration park (EDP) and sustainability-Case study of the Luhua EDP in the Chongming Island of Shanghai,China

The background, concept, connotation, principles, and methods of eco-planning for an Eco-Demonstration Park (EDP) and sustainability were examined based on a case study of the Luhua EDP in the Chongming Island of Shanghai, China, which is an important part of Shanghai Eco-city planning and construction in the 21st century. By analyzing natural, social and economic conditions, calculating population using the land capacity eco-model, eco-function zoning, and eco-construction, an innovative eco-industrial structure and technical chain were formulated. A comprehensive eco-planning scheme for the EDP was proposed, including planning and management strategies for subsystems of efficient industry, good quality human settlement, high standard eco-construction and eco-tourism as well as effective environmental protection and attractive landscape. The EDP should be an area with coordinated and sustainable economic, social and environmental subsystems. Eco-planning for the EDP should be a very important part of eco-city planning and sustainability. The paper aims to set up a theoretical framework and practical basis for eco-planning and promoting harmony between human and nature.     

A review of early gadiform evolution and diversification: first record of a rattail fish skull (Gadiformes, Macrouridae) from the Eocene of Antarctica, with otoliths preserved in situ

Codfishes, the Gadiformes, are quite abundant in modern temperate and polar waters with a fossil record ranging back into the Palaeogene. The oldest records are from the Danian and Selandian of Europe and South Australia. The bipolar distribution early in their evolutionary history implies that their origin must have occurred quite early in the Palaeocene, or even in the Late Cretaceous with subsequent rapid diversification. By the Eocene, gadiforms were highly abundant and widespread. With the exception of gadiforms, no Eocene Antarctic teleostean group is present in the modern Antarctic fauna. Here, we review the early evolution and diversification of gadiforms in general and of macrouroids in particular. We also describe the undoubtedly oldest skeletal macrourid specimen with otoliths preserved in situ. It is the first definitive record of this group from the Eocene of Antarctica filling a gap in its stratigraphic distribution. The fossil record of gadiforms in general and macrouroids in particular indicates that the origin of both was in shallow shelf environments but with adaptations to deep-water settings early in their evolution. While gadoids seemingly originated in the earliest Palaeogene and rapidly experienced a first major radiation event in the eastern North Atlantic and/or North Sea Basin, macrouroids evolved in the Southern Ocean and migrated northwards into the South Atlantic before the establishment of the circum-Antarctic current and subsequent isolation of the Antarctic fish fauna. These two timely and regional separated adaptive radiation events in the Palaeogene gave rise to their modern taxonomic diversity and global distribution.     

淇澳岛红树林生态系统中重金属含量相关性

采集珠海淇澳岛北部大围湾的红树林区潮间带沉积物和植物组织样品若干,测定各样品中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量,四种重金属含量在各沉积物中、各植物组织中以及沉积物和植物组织之间的相关性。研究表明,沉积物中Pb和Zn含量呈极强正相关,Pb、Zn与Cd含量之间呈强正相关,其他各类重金属之间的相关性不显著。四种重金属与沉积物颗粒形态相关性均不显著。红树植物各组织对四种重金属的富集系数范围为0.001~0.72,0.006~0.39,0.053~1.97和0.004~0.24,富集能力与林龄正相关,其中对Zn、Cd和Pb的富集系数与土壤中含量呈负相关,表明在过高重金属污染胁迫的环境中红树植物有自行降低富集能力以避免被伤害的趋势。     

近百年来珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地沉积物重金属累积及生态危害评价

河口地区细颗粒沉积物在输运和沉积过程中记录了人类活动的信息.对珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地柱状沉积物进行粒度和测年分析结果表明,该地区沉积物以黏土质粉砂为主,沉积物黏土和粉砂含量及平均粒径均表现为由底向表逐渐增大的趋势,59 cm以上的沉积速率为4.15 cm·a-1,59 cm以下的沉积速率为0.97 cm·a-1.沉积物重...     

上海崇明岛农田土壤中有机氯农药残留特征

为研究崇明岛农田土壤中有机氯农药（OCPs）的残留特征,于2008年7月采集崇明岛农田表层土壤30个.利用加速溶剂萃取仪（ASE）萃取,使用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-μECD）分析.结果表明,在采集的土壤样品（干重）中,OCPs的含量范围为3.11～117.47 ng.g-1（平均值26.25 ng.g-1）;主...     

舟山六横岛附近海域沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

根据2010年3月、6月对舟山六横岛邻近海域表层沉积物重金属调查资料,采用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法对Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Hg、As、Cr元素进行分析与评价,并与2010年8月舟山嵊泗近岸海域表层沉积物质量进行比较。研究结果表明:该海域沉积物综合污染程度为中等水平,各种元素污染程度高低依次为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Cr>As>Hg,主要重金属污染因子为Zn、Cu、Cd元素。总体而言,该海域沉积物潜在生态风险性低,风险程度高低依次为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Zn,其中各站位Cd的生态风险参数均值大于40,Cd为该海域的最大潜在生态风险因子。     

大小长山岛周围海域浮游动物群落分布特征

根据2009年8月和2010年5月大、小长山岛周围海域浮游动物春、夏季航次调查资料,对该海域浮游动物种类组成、优势种、生物量及其分布、密度及其分布、生物多样性等进行了分析。结果表明:春、夏季共检出浮游动物34种,主要种类为近岸低盐种,其中春季23种,夏季30种;优势种9种,以桡足类占优势,主要为中华哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、大同拟长腹剑水蚤和双刺纺锤水蚤等,优势种季节变化较明显。浮游动物密度、生物量、多样性指数和均匀度指数等季节水平分布特征变化明显,并与温度和盐度呈显著相关。聚类分析显示大、小长山岛周围海域浮游动物群落春、夏季相似度较高。与20世纪80年代相比,本次调查浮游动物群落已发生了一定程度的变化。     

海南岛海草资源分布现状及存在威胁

2004～2009年对海南岛周遍海域的海草资源进行综合调查,结果表明:海南岛海草资源丰富,共有6属10种,面积约55 km2,优势种为泰莱藻;海南岛海草分布于近岸海域的珊瑚坪内侧或泻湖沿岸,主要位于潮间带低潮区和潮下带上部4m水深范围;海草生物量范围为71.24～727.24 g/m2,平均为410.26 g/m2;海草密度范围为4 131.20～550.40株/m2,平均为1 753.39株/m2。海南岛海草主要受陆源污染、海洋工程、渔业活动、非法渔业等活动影响。     

Gatekeeping and Communities in Energy Transition: A Study of the Block Island Wind Farm

ABSTRACT

The Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) is the first offshore wind farm in the United States. Using gatekeeping theory as a framework, this research analyzes local and regional/national newspaper coverage of the BIWF paying particular attention to the use of sources. The data suggest that the differences between newspaper source usage from 1 January 2008 to 1 July 2017 is minimal. However, business sources appeared more than any other group, including government sources, which is a new finding. The prevalence of business sources leads to important questions about the role of businesses in shaping narratives about community transitions to renewable energy systems.     

流域和河口高强度人类活动对崇明岛滩涂资源变化过程的影响

入海河口形成的冲积沙岛滩涂因陆海水沙变异而出现快速冲淤已成为当前河口城市发展关注的焦点。崇明岛为我国最大的入海河口冲积沙岛,其滩涂给上海提供极其重要的空间资源,但因流域和河口高强度人类活动可能导致滩涂出现新的变化状态。据此,通过长达30多年的环岛实测地形资料,基于ArcGIS平台摸清崇明岛滩涂资源变化过程及主控要素。研究结论主要包括：（1）崇明岛各段滩涂冲淤过程复杂多变,冲淤交替频繁;但总体上北部、南部和东滩滩涂面积均为正增长,分别增加170 km²、8 km²和51 km²。（2）促淤圈围工程导致北支泥沙量增多加速河槽萎缩淤积,是北部滩涂增长的主因。（3）新桥水道北移且有所淤浅导致南部滩涂面积淤涨,而东滩快速围垦及岸堤向海推进引起东滩滩涂面积扩大。