怀4井气汞固体潮观测中的两个关键环节

本文在数字化地下流体化学组分的观测中,认为热水井的脱气和脱气后的气体干燥是两个关键环节。我们在怀4井的气汞观测中,经过多次试验改进较好地解决了这两个环节。2004年以来,观测资料稳定,并清晰地记录到了固体潮形态。     

非理想环境下加速度计信号的混合滤波

简要分析了舰艇在非理想环境下航行时，常用的加速度计数据处理方法，介绍了一种新型基于线性和非线性的混合滤波器。通过MATLAB仿真，结果表明这种混合滤波器对加速度计信号具有较好的滤波效果。     

中国出口家电反向物流网络及其优化研究

文章分析了反向物流网络的特征、分类以及影响废旧家电回收反向物流构建的因素及构建原则;运用博弈论知识论证了进行废旧家电反向物流的必然性,在此基础上构建了废旧家电反向物流网络,运用混合整数线性规划模型对其进行优化.最后,本文运用例子证明了混合整数线性规划及其算法-分枝定界法的实用性和有效性.     

Decolorization of azo dyes with high salt concentration by salt-tolerant mixed cultures under anaerobic conditions

Because the lack of detailed study of biological decolorization in high salt dye wastewater, it is still difficult to evaluate the biological treatment on high-salinity dye wastewater. The experiments were carried out to study the salt-tolerant bacteria, which is useful in the treatment of high-salinity colored wastewater. Simulated wastewater containing 5-150 g/L salt （NaCI） and 50-2000 mg/L Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP was treated with three salt-tolerant mixed cultures （CAS, TAS, DSAS）, which were under a gradually acclimated procedure. With the increase of concentrations of salt and dye, the decolorization became low. The abilities of decolorization of dyes wastewater by three mixed cultures （CAS, TAS, DSAS） were studied, CAS and DSAS mixed cultures showed more active for the treatment of high-salinity colored wastewater than TAS mixed cultures. The results suggested that there might be a simple process for the high salt wastewater treatment, which could be incorporated into conventional activated sludge plants.     

膜-生物反应器混合液性质对膜污染影响的研究进展

膜-生物反应器作为一种新型的污水处理和回用技术,近年来在基础研究和实际应用领域都得到广泛关注,但是影响其长期稳定运行的膜污染问题却一直没有得到深入研究和解决.混合液特性是影响膜污染控制的重要因素,从混合液理化性质(组成、功能、结构和环境因素)和生物学性质(微生物群落结构、微生物功能特征)2个方面进行介绍,综述了目前关于混合液性质与膜污染关系的研究现状.目前的研究虽然取得一定进展,但在相关性分析、群落特征与膜污染关系、污染层形成机理等方面仍存在许多不足.     

河岸混合植物带改善河水水质的现场研究

在1年的时间里在现场利用混合植物河岸带、无植物空白带对受污染河水进行处理.对COD、NH 4、TP、浊度和水温进行了监测,并比较了不同季节里混合植物带改善河水水质的效果.混合植物带在夏、秋季改善河水水质的效果好于冬、春季.混合植物带在夏季对COD、NH4 -N、TP和浊度的去除率分别为37.01%、69.21%、62.45%和99.17%,在冬季对河水水质也有一定程度的改善.混合植物带可以降低河水温度及河水早晚温差,起到改善局部水环境的作用.混合植物带与空白带的对比表明植物对去除水中污染物、改善局部水环境起着重要作用.     

Effects of skin and hydraulic fractures on SVE wells

Soil vapor extraction (SVE) systems are intended to cause substantial volumes of air to flow through the subsurface with the purpose of removing volatile contaminants. The effectiveness of SVE can be influenced by any effect that changes the specific gas capacity (discharge as a function of vacuum) of a well. Skins of low permeability material enveloping a well bore are widely recognized to affect the performance of wells used to recover water, natural gas, or petroleum, and skin can also significantly diminish the performance of an SVE well. Skins a few mm thick consisting of material whose gas phase permeability is 0.01 of the formation can reduce the specific gas capacity of an SVE well by factors of 2 to 10 or more. Hydraulic fractures created in the vicinities of shallow wells commonly resemble sand-filled layers shaped like flat-lying disks or gently dipping saucers. The contrast between the gas-phase permeability of the sand in the fracture and that of the formation is particularly important, with significant effects requiring the ratio to be greater than approximately 50. Shallow hydraulic fractures filled with several tenths of m3 of sand in formations that are several orders of magnitude less permeable than that of the enveloping formation should increase specific gas capacity by factors of 10 or more. Field tests of the effects of hydraulic fractures on the performance of SVE were conducted by creating four wells intersecting fractures and a suite of control wells created using conventional methods in silty saprolite. Specific gas capacities ranged over more than an order of magnitude for 10 wells completed within a small area (2 m2) and at the same depth. Specific capacities correlate to the drilling method that was used to create the bore for the well: lowest values occurred in wells drilled with a machine auger, slightly better results were obtained using a Shelby tube, and the best results were obtained from conventional wells bored with a hand auger. Skin factors determined for wells created with a machine auger could be explained by a layer 1 cm thick that has 0.007 times the permeability of the enveloping material, which could readily have been created during the drilling procedure. Specific capacities of wells intersecting hydraulic fractures were 5 to 100 times more than those of conventional wells. The large difference in performance appears to be due in part to the beneficial effects of the fracture, and in part to the detrimental effects of well skin.     

Space-time modeling for the Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey

The Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey (MTHS) is a postseason mail survey conducted by the Missouri Department of Conservation. The 1996 MTHS provides information concerning the number of turkeys harvested by hunters on each day and the total number of trips made to the counties by these hunters on each day of the hunting season. The success rates are then found from this information. Small sample sizes produce large standard errors for the estimates at the county level. We use a Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear model to estimate daily hunting success rates at the county level. The model includes an autoregressive process for the days of the hunting season and spatially correlated random geographic effects. The computations are performed using Gibbs sampling and adaptive rejection sampling techniques. Results show that there are significant spatial corelations between counties and correlations between days of the hunting season. The estimates are close to the frequency estimates at the state level and much more stable at the county level.     

毛竹混交林主要种群多维生态位特征

应用生态位空间分割法，分别考虑资源利用率与否测定毛竹混交林多维资源空间中主要种群多维生态位宽度及多维生态位重叠，结果表明：考虑资源利用率与否对多维生态位宽度的测定有较大的影响，毛竹混交林中主要种群的多维生态位宽度与物种的生物学特性及竞争力密切相关，同一生境中物种的多维生态位重叠可通过生态位分化而减少竞争，研究毛竹混交林主要种群多维生态位特征对毛竹混交林营造具有指导作用．表8参24．     

云南粳稻耐低磷特性的主基因加多基因遗传分析

磷高效水稻培育是提高土壤潜在磷利用效率的一种途径,通过对云南粳稻耐低磷特性的主基因加多基因遗传分析,可以明确耐低磷特性主基因的存在、对数及遗传效应的大小,为磷高效育种提供理论依据。本试验通过云南主栽粳稻品种合系35(Oryza sativa)与耐低磷极强早旱谷(Oryza sativa)配制P1、P2、F1、F2或F3世代,在云南省农科院进行低磷胁迫试验,对耐低磷鉴定和主基因加多基因联合遗传分析,结果表明:早旱谷的分蘖和株穗产量基因受两对主效基因 多基因相互配合遗传控制的,两对主基因间存在上位性效应,两主基因间效应差异较大。分蘖力F2主基因遗传率为58.82%~72.13%,F3主基因遗传率为45.88%~57.96%;株穗产量F2主基因遗传率60.94%~83.08%,F3主基因遗传率为62.20%~75.80%。因此育种中应当充分重视主基因的利用,利用主基因应以第一对主基因的加性效应为主,对后代耐低磷性状的选择宜从F2代开始,杂交的后期世代也要注意耐性的选择。