天津港的发展与环保规划设想

阐述了天津港的发展前景，对港区环境质量现状和环保设施作了全面的调研，根据可持续发展的思想，提出了与天津港发展相应的环保规划设想。     

象山港经济贝类中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留水平及其变化趋势

对分布于象山港海域的经济贝类中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量用气相色谱方法进行测定,结果显示:HCHS为(2.26~12.65)×10-9,DDTS为(7.32~27.25)×10-9,PCBs(13.54~22.57)×10-9;经济贝类中的有机氯农药的组分特征为HCHs中-βHCH占优势,DDTs中DDD和DDE占绝对优势;2001年至2003年HCHs、PCBs含量总体呈微弱下降趋势,而DDTs含量在2003年明显上升;各海区缢蛏中HCHs、DDTs、PCBs残留量均呈西店(港底)<西周(港中)<西泽(港口)。     

香港吐露港地区河流水质管理效果研究

为探讨香港水质管理的措施及效果,本文对香港吐露港地区5条河流10个监测点1985—2014年的地表水质数据进行分析,观察水体整治管理前后污染物浓度的变化。结果表明:10个监测点的氨氮、BOD_5、COD和TP的浓度均逐年下降,上下游共同努力,使各项污染物得到很大程度的削减,并且治理前后的浓度存在明显统计学差异(p0.05),且治理之后各项污染物年均浓度趋于平稳,达到标准以内。由此可以看出,香港地区水质管理效果的显著与其所实施的《水污染管制条例》、禽畜饲养禁制区设立与吐露港及牛尾海污水收集整体计划密不可分。随着国务院颁布的《水污染防治行动计划》的施行,香港吐露港地区治理的措施可为我国现阶段黑臭水体整治工作所借鉴。     

Identification of a novel PCB source through analysis of 209 PCB congeners by US EPA modified method 1668

PCDD/Fs and PCBs in surface waters and effluent waste streams flowing into New York/New Jersey Harbor were sampled by large volume filtration and solid phase extraction (XAD-2). Passive hexane samplers were employed in sewer trackdown. Extraction media were analyzed for 2,3,7,8 substituted PCDD/Fs and all 209 PCB congeners. The non-Aroclor PCB congener, 3,3^′-DiCB, was ubiquitous in the harbor and was found to be associated with pigment manufacture. Knowledge of inadvertent synthesis of non-Aroclor PCBs is not new but its magnitude and the generation of congeners with dioxin-like properties from this process is novel.     

Mating tactics and mating system of an aquatic-mating pinniped: the harbor seal, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoca vitulina</Emphasis>

Our best understanding of marine mammal mating systems comes from land-mating pinnipeds. Logistical problems of observing behavior at sea have limited our ability to make inferences about species with aquatic-mating systems, which comprise over half the pinnipeds. The mating systems of these species likely involve different mating tactics than land-mating species. We used several methods in combination (e.g., animal-borne cameras, radio telemetry, time-depth recorders, and DNA paternity assessment) to provide a comprehensive study of the aquatic-mating tactics of harbor seal males. Males decreased time offshore (26.0 vs 14.8%) and increased time near shore (33.8 vs 43.7%) between premating and mating periods, respectively. Concomitantly, males reduced foraging effort and increased activities associated with competition for females (e.g., visual/vocal displays and threats). As females come into estrus near the end of lactation and spend more time at sea, males reduced their near-shore ranges (4.2 vs 1.0 km²), which were clustered within 1–1.5 km of the beach where females attended their pups. Body mass of males was not a major factor affecting their reproductive behavior. From a small number of paternity assignments to study males, it appears that females select males. These combined results are more consistent with a lek-type mating system than with the territorial or female defense systems characteristic of land-mating pinnipeds.     

Characterization of atmospheric particulate and metallic elements at Taichung Harbor near Taiwan Strait during 2004-2005

Air aerosol samples for TSP (total suspended particulate), coarse particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter 2.5–10 μm, PM_2.5–10), fine particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter <2.5 μm, PM_2.5) and metallic elements were collected during March 2004 to January 2005 at TH (Taichung Harbor) in central Taiwan. The seasonal variation average concentration of TSP (total suspended particulate), coarse particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter 2.5–10 μm, PM_2.5–10) and fine particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter <2.5 μm, PM_2.5) were in the range 132–171.1 μg m⁻³ and 43–49.5 μg m⁻³, respectively. Seasonal variation of metallic elements Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe in the TSP (total suspended particulate) shows that higher concentration was observed during spring. Seasonal variation of metallic elements Pb, Cr and Mg in the TSP (total suspended particulate) shows that higher concentration was observed during winter. The average metallic element TSP (total suspended particulate) concentration order was Fe > Zn > Mg > Cu > Cr > Mn > Pb in spring. In addition, at the TH sampling site, the average concentration variation of TSP (total suspended particulate) displayed the following order: spring > winter > autumn > summer. However, the average concentration variation of coarse particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter 2.5–10 μm, PM_2.5–10) displayed the following order: spring > winter > summer > autumn. Finally, the average concentration variations of fine particulate (particle matter with aerodynamical diameter <2.5 μm, PM_2.5) were in the following order: winter > spring > summer > autumn at the TH sample site.     

Bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in harbor seals from the northwest Atlantic

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in blubber of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) collected between 1991 and 2005 along the northwest Atlantic. ∑PBDE concentrations (mono- to hexa-BDEs) detected in blubber samples (n = 42) ranged from 80 to 25 720 ng g⁻¹ lw, (overall mean 2403 ± 5406 ng g⁻¹ lw). By age, mean ∑PBDE concentrations were: 3645 ± 7388, 2945 ± 5995, 1385 ± 1265, and 326 ± 193 ng g⁻¹ lw in pups, yearlings, adult males, and adult females, respectively. Unlike the trend for PCBs, no decreasing gradient from urban to rural/remote areas was observed for PBDEs in these samples, likely reflecting inputs from local sources. No significant temporal trend was observed for PBDEs in harbor seals between 1991 and 2005, although congener profiles shifted over time. Tetra-BDE-47 was the dominant congener, followed by BDEs-99, -100, -153, -154, and -155 in varying order, suggesting exposure to the penta-BDE product. In adult males, the hexa-BDEs contributed more to the total (22%) than BDEs-99 and -100 (14%), and concentrations of BDE-155 were elevated compared with -154. Higher BDEs were detected in a subset of seals (n = 12) including hepta-BDE-183, the marker for the octa-BDE mixture, and octa-BDE-197, along with several unidentified hepta- and octa- congeners. BDE-209 was detected in seal blubber at concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 8 ng g⁻¹ lw, indicating that deca-BDE is bioavailable in this marine food web. This is the first study to document the accumulation of BDE-209 at measurable levels in wild harbor seals. While the PBDE patterns in blubber indicate exposure to all three BDE commercial mixtures, the data also suggest that BDE-209 debromination by seal prey fish may contribute to the loading of lower brominated congeners (hexa- to octa-BDEs) in these seals.     

象山港海域N、P和CODMn的变化趋势及其与富营养化的关系

根据近20多年来(1984～2005)象山港海域海洋环境监测的基础资料,建立象山港海域CODMn、DIN和PO4-P的时间序列,用平均差值法、最小二乘法和自回归滑动平均法3种趋势分析方法,统计检验了该海域CODMn、DIN和的PO4-P的长期变化趋势。并用相关分析和影响因子分析方法,分析了CODMn、DIN和的PO4-P年际波动与富营养化的关系。结果表明:近20多年来象山港海域DIN和PO4-P的年平均浓度长期以来均呈增加的趋势,而CODMn呈降低的趋势;象山港海域富营养状态指数E长期以来一直呈降低的趋势,这与CODMn相同,与DIN和PO4-P的变化趋势相反。CODMn的变化与富营养状态指数E呈显著的正相关,DIN和PO4-P的变化与富营养化状态指数E呈弱的正相关;CODMn,DIN和PO4-P对富营养装态指数E的影响因子分别为6.9822,2.2449和3.3836,CODMn对富营养状态指数E年际变化的贡献程度远大于DIN和PO4-P。当CODMn含量变化幅度较大的时候,海水营养状态指数E的变化不能真实反映海域营养盐的含量变化特征,富营养状态指数E在表征海水富营养化程度时存在一定的局限性,这也揭示了中国第Ⅰ代海水富营养化评价体系存在的问题。     

天津港南部海区水体中活性磷酸盐的分布特征

根据2006年3月天津港南部海域水体活性磷酸盐的调查数据,对该区水体中活性磷酸盐的分布特征进行了分析,并与2003年4月的调查数据进行了对比,研究了该海域磷营养元素的地球化学特征及其反映的环境意义.结果表明,磷酸盐超标率2003年4月为23.8%,2006年3月为60%,2006年3月的活性磷酸盐含量总体上高于2003年4月的,虽然在第一类环境功能区站位2006年超标率有所降低,但第二类、第三类环境功能区站位在2006年3月均出现超标现象.超标可能是由于陆源废水和养殖废水的排放使该区域营养盐结构发生变化所致.活性磷酸盐的浓度由岸向海递减,等值线几乎与海岸线平行,这与调查海域受潮汐和陆源河流输入有很大关系.     

象山港流域入湾河流水体中重金属风险评价及其来源解析

本文根据丰水期象山港8种溶解态重金属的浓度调查,通过单因子污染指数(P_i)、内梅罗综合污染指数(P_n)和重金属污染指数(HPI)评价方法研究了重金属流域内入湾河流中重金属的污染.基于流域内土地利用类型与重金属浓度的相关性,结合实地走访调查,对重金属的来源进行了解析.结果表明,区域内重金属平均浓度大小表现为:FeMnZnCuAsCrPbCd;除Mn和Fe外,其余6种重金属浓度均符合《地表水环境质量标准》中的Ⅰ类水标准;区域内重金属风险较低,无污染现象,但存在沾污情况;以水产养殖为代表的农业面源污染是区域内重金属出现沾污的主要因素.为了合理规避区域内城镇化发展进程中的重金属风险,重点在于加强以农业面源为主的污染源监管.