爆破冲击荷载下隧道振动特性与安全性评价研究

隧道工程爆破施工引起衬砌结构以及地表建筑物破坏时有发生,研究隧道工程爆破振动效应以及安全性评价方法,对确保隧道工程施工安全十分重要。基于三维动力有限元分析方法,以某城市双连拱隧道工程爆破施工为例,探讨爆炸冲击荷载作用下隧道围岩介质动力响应特征。研究表明,爆破冲击对周围介质的影响具有时间滞后和累积损伤效应,只考虑爆破瞬时最大振动波速对围岩介质以及地表建筑物的影响不能真实反映爆破影响的实质。同时结合具体工程对地表建筑物爆破安全评价方法进行分析研究,建议将现代数值分析方法应用于复杂条件下隧道爆破安全性评价工作。     

微量元素镍在小白鼠脏器内积累规律的研究

微量元素镍在小白鼠脏器内积累规律的研究汪燕芳（江西师范大学化学系，南昌３３００２７）周松茂张奇凤陈国树（南昌大学化学系）范广勤阎冀刘延芳（江西医学院卫生系）关键词镍；脏器；积累规律．微量元素镍广泛地分布在大气、水体、土壤和生物体内环境中．研究表明，人...     

椒江口海域重金属含量分布及在沉积物和生物体中的富集

研究了椒江口海水、沉积物和生物体中7种重金属的浓度水平,评价了各种重金属在沉积物和生物体内的富集情况.结果表明,表层海水中重金属Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、As和Hg的平均浓度分别为0.57、7.37、1.89、0.18、36.99、1.57、0.018μg·L-1;表层沉积物中重金属Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、As和Hg的浓度分别为30.11、30.62、32.61、0.106、68.56、2.48、0.027×10-6;生物体内除了鲻鱼中未检出Zn外,七种重金属在缢蛏、鲻鱼体内均有检出,且缢蛏中重金属含量明显高于鲻鱼体内重金属的含量.Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、As在沉积物中富集系数高于生物体内,Cr、Zn、Hg、Pb在鲻鱼中的富集系数大于缢蛏中.     

Determination of haloacetic acids concentrations in hospital effluent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids(HAAs),a calss of disinfection by-products formed as a result of chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples' turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and were found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μg/L and 1.30 μg/L respectively, and the other three are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 μg/L under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid is the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

基于支持向量机回归和小波变换的O3预报方法

使用南京工业区2016年6月1日~8月15日的臭氧（O₃）、O₃前体物及常规气象数据，结合多元线性回归（MLR）方法和小波变换（WT）改进支持向量机回归（SVR）对O₃小时浓度的预报精度.结果表明，通过WT方法将一个高变异性的序列转化为多个低变异性的序列后再处理可提高预报精度，M-WT-SVR预报的决定系数（R²）达到0.90，平均绝对误差（MAE）、平均绝对百分误差（MAPE）和均方根误差（RMSE）分别为3.86×10^-9、28.26%和5.57×10^-9，优于M-SVR和SVR.低层细节序列主要与NO、NO₂和芳香烃有关，而更高层的近似序列受到气象条件、前体物和O₃前期浓度共同影响.与经典的MLR方法相比，M-WT-SVR对O₃小时浓度的预报有明显优势.     

Detecting ozone and demonstrating its phytotoxicity in forested areas of Poland: a pilot study

Ambient concentrations of ozone (O(3)) were measured and O(3) phytotoxicity to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was demonstrated in several forest locations in Poland during a pilot study from July-October, 1991. At southern and central locations in Poland, the 24-hour average O(3) concentrations measured with a UV absorption photometer were in the range of 32-55 ppb, and the corresponding 1-hour maxima in the range of 39-83 ppb. At these locations longer period (four to fifteen days) average concentrations were determined using O(3) passive samplers (DGA, Inc.) and were reaching 60 ppb, while at Bialowieza in eastern Poland O(3) concentrations averaged less than 40 ppb. In Szarow, near the Niepolomice Forest in southern Poland, 1-hour O(3) maxima estimated from the data obtained using passive samplers were about 105 ppb in early September. At several locations in southern and central Poland, extensive O(3) injury was determined on O(3)-sensitive Bel W-3 tobacco plants; such injury did not occur in the Bialowieza Forest of eastern Poland. The results of this pilot study indicate that O(3) is present at phytotoxic levels in southern and central Poland.     

河道型水库中谢才-曼宁公式的适用性研究

文章通过对谢才-曼宁公式进行理论分析,并对照实际测流结果,得出结论认为在修建水坝后河流水动力条件显著改变,谢才-曼宁公式不适宜用来计算修建水坝后的河流各断面内的流速分布。在用累积流量法模拟计算水库型河流水动力水质时,应当用实际测流结果来绘制各计算断面累积流量曲线。     

Effects of leachant temperature and pH on leachability of metals from fly ash. A case study: Can thermal power plant, province of Canakkale, Turkey

Lignite powered electric generation plants result in increasing environmental problems associated with gaseous emissions and the disposal of ash residues. Especially, low quality coals with high ash content cause enormous quantities of both gaseous and solid fly ash emissions. The main problem is related to the disposal of fly ash, which, in many cases, contains heavy metals. It is known that toxic trace metals may leach when fly ash is in contact with water. In this study, fly ash samples obtained from the thermal power plant in the town of Can in Turkey were investigated for leachability of metals under different acidic and temperature conditions. The experimental results show that a decrease in pH of the leachant favors the extraction of metal ions from fly ash. A significant increase in the extraction of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, zinc, lead, mercury, and selenium ions from the ash is attributed to the instability of the mineral phases. These heavy metals concentrations increase with respect to increasing acidic conditions and temperature. Peak concentrations, in general, were found at around 30°C.     

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in indoor air and in serum among older residents of upper Hudson River communities

A study was conducted to evaluate the association between PCBs in residential indoor air and in the serum of older, long time residents of three upper Hudson River communities. Samples of indoor air and of serum were collected from 170 persons 55 to 74 years of age, and analyzed for PCBs using glass capillary gas chromatography. After adjusting for age, BMI, cigarette smoking, and Hudson River fish consumption with multiple linear regression analysis, the results indicated statistically significant associations between concentrations in indoor air and serum for PCB-28, a lightly chlorinated congener common in air that accumulates in serum, and PCB-105. Duration of exposure was an important factor, since among persons who had lived in their home for 39 years or more, 11 of the 12 most commonly detected congeners were significantly correlated, as was their sum (∑ PCB). Significant associations between indoor air and serum PCB concentrations also were more likely when collected in cooler months and if the two samples were collected within 20 d of each other. The study is among the first to indicate that PCB concentrations characteristic of residential indoor air are associated with a detectable increase in body burden.     

遗传神经网络在累积性环境风险评价中的应用

以太湖流域常州段为研究对象，构建了累积性水环境风险评价指标体系，利用主成分分析法选取输入变量，并应用MATLAB建立遗传神经网络综合评价模型。运用遗传算法对BP神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化，将遗传算法全局搜索能力和BP算法局部搜索能力相结合，提高了收敛速度和精度。应用模型对2004—2009年常州市累积性水环境风险进行了综合评价，结果表明：2004—2009年风险综合指数总体上处在中级与高级之间，累积性水环境风险较大；2008—2009年风险综合指数不断增大，趋于低级；农业和畜禽养殖业等面源风险源、污水处理和风险管理投资等控制机制以及人口和环境敏感目标等风险受体是造成太湖流域常州段累积性水环境风险较大的主要原因。