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991.
To study the Pu concentration and isotope ratio distributions present in China, the 239+240Pu total activities and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in core soil samples from Hubei Province in central China were investigated using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). The activities ranged from 0.019 to 0.502 mBq g−1 and the 239+240Pu inventories of 45 and ∼55 Bq m−2 agree well with that expected from global fallout. The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in the soil ranged from 0.172 to 0.220. The ratios are similar to typical global fallout values. Hence, any close-in fallout contribution from the Chinese nuclear weapons tests, mainly conducted in the 1970s, must have either been negligible or had a similar 240Pu/239Pu ratio to that of global fallout. The top 10 cm layer of the soil contributes ∼90% of the total inventory and the maximum concentrations appeared in the 2-4 cm or 4-6 cm layers. It is suggested that climatic conditions and organic content are the two main factors that affect the vertical migration of plutonium in soil. 相似文献
992.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):849-861
The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether arsenic accumulated in the edible pods and seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris, cv. Helda, above the Spanish maximum recommended concentration for food crops, 1 mg kg?1 on a fresh weight basis. Only organic arsenicals were used because they are: a) the only arsenic species allowed for agricultural applications and b) more mobile than inorganic species. Selection of French beans, a sensitive plant to arsenic, was based on the fact that arsenic upward translocation is higher in sensitive than in tolerant plants. A 2 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted with two organic arsenic species: methylarsonic acid (MAA) or dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) and three arsenic concentrations: 0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 mg L?1. Arsenic phytotoxicity was primarily determined by soluble arsenic concentration. Experimental results showed that the low bean plant tolerance to arsenic is possibly due to the high arsenic upward transport to shoots, which could result in profound negative metabolic consequences. Even under extremely adverse conditions, arsenic residues in edible beans were below the maximum statutory limit set by the Spanish legislation. It can be concluded that the major danger of organic arsenical herbicides is that of decreased productivity rather than high arsenic uptake by consumers. 相似文献
993.
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995.
着重研究了不同紫外灯光源和照射时间条件下,TiO2光催化(PCO)对微滤去除腐殖酸过程中的膜污染控制,并探讨了膜污染的控制机理。研究结果表明,TiO2光催化能有效提高微滤对腐殖酸的去除,同时降低膜通量的下降,起到有效控制膜污染的作用。进一步的实验分析表明,TiO2光催化控制膜污染的主要机理在于将腐殖酸降解为易于被TiO2吸附的小分子量物质,吸附腐殖酸降解产物后的TiO2聚合颗粒粒径增大,易于在膜表面形成更为松散的沉积层,并使膜污染从以膜孔堵塞和沉积层污染为主转化为以沉积层污染为主的可逆性污染。 相似文献
996.
文章以数模混合电路设计实践为基础,介绍了一种基于预测法的电磁兼容设计方法。先以电磁兼容测试理论为基础介绍数模混合电路设计中的电磁兼容方法,在以此方法建立电磁兼容设计模型,并通数模混合电路实践来检验和改进设计模型。 相似文献
997.
The adsorption behaviour of Basic Red 12, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 1 on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) has been investigated to understand the physicochemical process involved and to explore the possible use of nanoparticles in the treatment and management of textile waste matter. The dye removal capacity of ZNP towards Basic Red 12, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 1 was found to be 15.64, 6.78 and 6.38 mg g?1, respectively. The adsorption process was pH dependent and optimum pH values of 9.0, 2.0 and 4.0 were obtained for Basic Red 12, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 1, respectively. Equilibrium was established after 1.0 h for all dyes. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were applied to the system. The adsorbent ZNP was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. SEM analysis revealed the noticeable nanoporous morphology of the material. The results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that the process is driven by an electrostatic complexation mechanism. XRD studies revealed the nanocrystalline structure of ZNP. BET surface area measurement suggested a high pore volume and large surface area for the adsorbent. The kinetic measurements suggested pseudo-second-order kinetic processes with high regression coefficients and smaller standard error of estimate values and lower residual sum of squares. The thermodynamic measurements suggested that all processes were exothermic and accompanied by negative values for Δ G0, Δ S0 and Δ H0. 相似文献
998.
Carlos Alberto A. de Almeida Carla G.B. Brenner Luciane Minetto Carlos A. Mallmann Ayrton F. Martins 《Chemosphere》2013
In this study, an analytical methodology was developed for the determination of psycho-active drugs in the treated effluent of the University Hospital at the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS – Brazil. Samples were collected from point A (Emergency) and point B (General effluent). The adopted methodology included a pre-concentration procedure involving the use of solid phase extraction and determination by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The limit of detection for bromazepam and lorazepam was 4.9 ± 1.0 ng L−1 and, for carbamazepine, clonazepam and diazepam was 6.1 ± 1.5 ng L−1. The limit of quantification was 30.0 ± 1.1 ng L−1, for bromazepam, clonazepam and lorazepam; for carbamazepine was 50.0 ± 1.8 ng L−1 and was 40.0 ± 1.0 ng L−1 for diazepam. The mean concentrations in the Emergency and General effluent treated currents were as follows: for bromazepam, 195 ± 6 ng L−1 and 137 ± 7 ng L−1; for carbamazepine, 590 ± 6 ng L−1 and 461 ± 10 ng L−1; for diazepam, 645 ± 1 ng L−1 and 571 ± 10 ng L−1; for lorazepam, 96 ± 7 ng L−1 and 42 ± 4 ng L−1; and for clonazepam, 134 ± 10 ng L−1 and 57 ± 10 ng L−1. A preliminary risk assessment was conducted: carbamazepine and diazepam require considerable attention owing to their environmental toxicity. The occurrence of these psychoactive-drugs and the environmental risks that they pose demonstrated the need for a more efficient treatment system. As far we are aware, there have been no comparable studies to this on the hazards of hospital effluents in Brazil, and very few that have carried out a risk assessment of psycho-active drugs in hospital effluent in general. 相似文献
999.
对辉县市城区2006—2011年间环境空气质量监测数据进行了评价,并对城区污染物浓度时空变化进行了分析。结果表明,辉县市城区大气污染主要表现为可吸入颗粒物污染严重,主要是能源结构不合理、锅炉废气污染严重、城区道路保洁方式落后等原因造成的,由此提出了合理规划城市布局、减少结构性污染等对策。 相似文献
1000.
先利用C-18固相萃取小柱富集大港油田港东联合处理站污水处理站的采油废水中16种多环芳烃(PAHs,即萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽和苯并[g,h,i]苝),再用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析测定其浓度,以评价PAHs的去除率和生态风险。结果表明:(1)采油废水经处理后,COD、石油类去除率分别达到82.27%、91.06%;外排水COD、石油类达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级标准要求,优于中国采油废水处理的一般水平。(2)采油废水主要以2、3环的PAHs为主,约占总量的93%以上。(3)苯并[a]芘超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中限值。(4)处理前的采油废水中蒽、菲和苯并[a]芘具有一定的生态风险;处理后的外排水中萘、蒽、菲、荧蒽、苯并[a]芘的暴露浓度(PEC)/预测无效应浓度(PNEC)均小于1,目前尚未对环境造成威胁。但是8种PAHs(苊烯和苯并类PAHs除外)总和表现出较大的毒性,需要引起重视。 相似文献