Monitoring of Particle Mass and Number in Urban Air

Measurements of aerosol particles in the air of an urban area in the UK have been made. Ambient air was sampled and the particulates measured after passing through a size selective PM₁₀ inlet. Particle mass was measured using a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). Particle number and size distributions were obtained using an Electrical Aerosol Analyser (EAA) and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS). Measurements were also made of local meteorological parameters. Fine particle number concentrations were found to show better temporal agreement, including diurnal variation, with particle mass concentrations than the coarser particle number concentrations.     

粘土矿胶粒及其含富里酸悬浊体系的电动特性

本文主要研究了氯化铝和聚合氯化铝凝聚二氧化硅、高岭土和蒙脱土胶粒，以及它们分别与含富里酸悬浊体系的电动特性及其影响因素。     

济源冬季VOCs污染特征、来源和SOAP

重工业城市济源经常发生雾-霾污染事件.挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是二次有机气溶胶（SOA）生成的前体物,SOA对细颗粒物(PM_2.5)贡献约15%～20%.于2019年12月1日至12月31日在济源进行PM_2.5、 O₃、 VOCs和其他微量气体在线监测,并分析VOCs污染特征、来源和SOA生成潜势（SOAP）.济源观测到φ（TVOC）平均值为（54.3±27.5）×10^-9.烷烃、卤代烃和炔烃是主要组分.运用正交矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）识别并分配VOCs来源.确定8个主要VOCs来源：液化石油气/天然气（LPG/NG）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）工业、机动车、焦化工业、溶剂使用、工业、工艺过程和油气挥发.二次有机气溶胶生成潜势分析发现芳香烃对SOAP的贡献最大,其中苯系物（BTEX）对SOAP贡献最大.     

固定污染源可凝结颗粒物测量方法

随着燃煤电厂以及钢铁等非电行业超低排放改造的进行,固定污染源可过滤颗粒物(FPM)排放浓度逐渐降低,可凝结颗粒物(CPM)的排放逐步引起关注.然而目前对CPM的认识不足,尚没有国际统一的标准测量方法.本研究分析了可用于固定源CPM测量的3种方法,包括冷凝法、稀释间接法和稀释直接法,并在燃煤电厂、钢铁焦化厂和钢铁烧结厂等固定源进行了CPM现场测量.结果表明,8个电厂和钢铁厂冷凝法测得的CPM质量浓度均显著高于稀释间接法和稀释直接法测量结果.冷凝法测得的CPM中含有大量的SO_24-、Cl-等水溶性离子,其浓度显著高于稀释间接法和稀释直接法测量结果.稀释直接法测量的CPM浓度相对较低.冷凝法测量过程中由于水蒸气过饱和冷凝成水吸收SO_2和HCl等易溶于水的气体,进而显著高估了CPM实际排放浓度.稀释间接法能模拟实际大气环境中CPM的形成过程,且不存在冷凝水吸收等问题.     

Formation mechanism of typical aromatic sulfuric anhydrides and their potential role in atmospheric nucleation process

Sulfuric anhydrides,generated from the cycloaddition reaction of SO₃with carboxylic acids,have been revealed to be potential participants in the nucleation process of new particle formation (NPF).Hence the reaction mechanisms of typical aromatic acids (benzoic acid (BA),phenylacetic acid (PAA),phthalic acid (PA),isophthalic acid (mPA),and terephthalic acid(PTA)) with SO₃to generate the corresponding aromatic sulfuric anhydrides were investigated by density functional theory...     

Compilation of reaction kinetics parameters determined in the Key Development Project for Air Pollution Formation Mechanism and Control Technologies in China

A compilation of new advances made in the research field of laboratory reaction kinetics in China's Key Development Project for Air Pollution Formation Mechanism and Control Technologies was presented. These advances are grouped into six broad, interrelated categories, including volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, new particle formation (NPF) and gas-particle partitioning, ozone chemistry, model parameters, and secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) formation, highlighting the laboratory work done by Chinese researchers. For smog chamber applications, the current knowledge gained from laboratory studies is reviewed, with emphasis on summarizing the oxidation mechanisms of long-chain alkanes, aromatics, alkenes, aldehydes/ketones in the atmosphere, SOA formation from anthropogenic emission sources, and oxidation of aromatics, isoprene, and limonene, as well as SIA formation. For flow tube applications, atmospheric oxidation mechanisms of toluene and methacrolein, SOA formation from limonene oxidation by ozone, gas-particle partitioning of peroxides, and sulfuric acid-water (H₂SO₄-H₂O) binary nucleation, methanesulfonic acid-water (MSA-H₂O) binary nucleation, and sulfuric acid-ammonia-water (H₂SO₄-NH₃-H₂O) ternary nucleation are discussed.     

A critical review of sulfate aerosol formation mechanisms during winter polluted periods

Sulfate aerosol contributes to particulate matter pollution and plays a key role in aerosol radiative forcing, impacting human health and climate change. Atmospheric models tend to substantially underestimate sulfate concentrations during haze episodes, indicating that there are still missing mechanisms not considered by the models. Despite recent good progress in understanding the missing sulfate sources, knowledge on different sulfate formation pathways during polluted periods still involves large uncertainties and the dominant mechanism is under heated debate, calling for more field, laboratory, and modeling work. Here, we review the traditional sulfate formation mechanisms in cloud water and also discuss the potential factors affecting multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation. Then recent progress in multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation mechanisms is summarized. Sulfate formation rates by different prevailing oxidation pathways under typical winter-haze conditions are also calculated and compared. Based on the literature reviewed, we put forward control of the atmospheric oxidation capacity as a means to abate sulfate aerosol pollution. Finally, we conclude with a concise set of research priorities for improving our understanding of sulfate formation mechanisms during polluted periods.     

广西背景大气中生物质燃烧对碳质气溶胶组成和吸光性的影响

碳质气溶胶是大气细颗粒物（PM_2.5）的重要组成部分,对空气质量、人体健康和气候变化均有重要影响.针对生物质燃烧（BB）这一碳质气溶胶的重要来源,于2017年11月至2018年10月在广西壮族自治区背景地区采集了PM_2.5样品,分析了样品中的碳质组成、糖类化合物和水溶性棕色碳（BrC）的吸光系数（b_abs）.使用气团老化指数（AAM）校正LG浓度以消除LG降解带来的影响,进而结合贝叶斯混合模型与分子示踪剂法量化了BB对有机碳（OC）的贡献率,并通过相关性分析法探讨了BrC的可能来源.结果表明,研究期间AAM指数平均值为0.40±0.28,表示LG存在光化学降解过程.农作物秸秆是广西地区最主要的生物质燃料类型,在未考虑LG降解下,全年玉米、水稻和甘蔗秸秆焚烧排放的OC分别占总OC的22%、23%和18%;考虑LG在大气中的降解后,相对贡献率分别降低至16%、21%和17%.LG的降解会导致BB对OC的贡献率评估被低估,经过AAM指数校正后,全年BB对OC的贡献率平均值为49.0%.水溶性BrC的b_abs全年的平均值为（8.7±10.7） Mm^-1,其中BB、化石燃料燃烧以及初级生物气溶胶排放可能是BrC的重要来源.     

臭氧对颗粒物中有机组分形成的关键作用

基于2019年10月广东省鹤山大气超级监测站的观测数据分析了臭氧浓度特征与单颗粒气溶胶中的有机物组分.结果表明,PM_2.5中OC的含量显著大于EC,OC/EC比值为0.7～10.4,其中,OC/EC>2的比例占91%,表明有机碳主要来自二次生成.高臭氧浓度下二次组分(Sec)单颗粒和老化有机无机碳(ECOC-aged)单颗粒的数浓度显著增加,Sec和ECOC-aged单颗粒中含乙酸根(⁵⁹CH₃CO₂^-)和乙醛酸(⁷³C₂HO₃^-)的单颗粒数浓度呈单峰分布,两种有机单颗粒的增加都发生在下午臭氧浓度升高光化学反应较强的时段,表明大气氧化性增强有利于含氧有机物的生成.此外,Sec单颗粒中两种有机单颗粒的峰值出现在16:00,而ECOC-aged单颗粒中两种有机单颗粒的峰值出现在18:00之后,这种差异产生的原因可能与含氧有机物氧化形成的过程有关,ECOC-aged粒子中的含氧有机物主要来自...     

Ni掺杂Sb-SnO2瓷环粒子电极电催化氧化磺胺嘧啶

为发展废水中抗生素的处理技术、保护水环境安全,采用浸渍法制备Ni掺杂Sb-SnO₂微孔陶瓷环粒子电极,研究了电极对磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）的电催化氧化能力和动力学特征,初步分析了SDZ的降解途径.结果表明,粒子电极表面负载Ni和Sb-SnO₂晶体,有利于电子传递和吸附SDZ,提高了电催化氧化效率;在NaCl浓度为0.02 mol·L^-1、初始pH为8、电流密度为15 mA·cm^-2、粒子电极投加量为15 g时处理15 min,50 mg·L^-1的SDZ能够被完全去除;处理3 h时,反应液TOC去除率达到80.8%,比二维电极高17.6%;电催化氧化SDZ的动力学过程符合一级反应动力学模型,去除速率常数为0.329 min^-1.采用液相色谱-串联质谱分析法（LC-MS/MS）鉴定SDZ的降解产物,电催化降解SDZ可能包括磺酰胺基S—N键和嘧啶环上C—N键断裂、脱磺酸基、脱氨基和·OH氧化等途径.